IOM will provide basic assistance, including non-food items (NFIs) and multi-purpose cash assistance (MPCA), to the most vulnerable populations affected by crises, helping them meet their most urgent needs. IOM will achieve this by:

• Disbursing MPCA to households across various regions. IOM has chosen this form of assistance as it allows beneficiaries the flexibility to address their critical basic needs according to their own priorities. By its nature, MPCA offers beneficiaries the maximum degree of choice, flexibility, and dignity. It emphasizes their independence in deciding how to use the support provided. The entitlement for MPCA is determined to cover 80 per cent of the minimum expenditure basket in Somalia, with disbursements occurring three times, as agreed in the Cash Working Group;
• As part of IOM's Emergency Preparedness and Response (EPR) to flood emergencies, particularly during pre-impact activities, providing more specific one-time cash assistance to households in high flood-risk areas intended to cover transportation costs to safer, higher ground.

IOM will continue to co-chair the CCCM Cluster, including the sub-national hubs in South West States and Jubaland, and the Community Engagement and Accountability Task Force (CEA TF) while implementing CCCM activities across several regions, including in Baidoa, Xudur, Doolow, Luuq, Baardheere, Kismayo, Banadir, Belet Weyne, Jalalaqsi, Bulo Burto, Jowhar, Wajid and Berdale. Activities directly implemented by IOM and its local implementing partners will include, but will not be limited to: 

• Coordinating service delivery by analyzing gaps and needs, monitoring sites, and facilitating coordination forums; 
• Conducting quarterly site verifications, mapping services, and monitoring service delivery quality (twice/year or ad-hoc);
• Promoting area-based CCCM programming, establishing catchment area of operations, in cooperation with cluster partners; 
• Engaging displaced households, in particular newly arrived households, to ensure access to essential information;
• Supporting delivery of life-saving assistance via identification, verification and biometric registration of vulnerable households;
• Conducting regular safety audits and site improvements to minimize risks;
• Improving IDPs’ living conditions by supporting community-led site maintenance activities, including cash-for-work schemes;
• Working with local authorities and partners to relocate IDP households at risk of eviction and strengthening land rights through capacity strengthening and dispute resolution;
• Providing capacity strengthening on CCCM to local authorities and humanitarian partners;
• Promoting the participation of women and girls into community life and empowering them through various activities such as capacity strengthening on flood preparedness, conflict resolution; awareness sessions on health, sexual and reproductive health, vaccinations; women-led projects; vocational trainings and business start-up kits, building on the ongoing Women’s Participation Project implemented by IOM.
• Ensuring accountability of humanitarian response via implementation of inter-agency community feedback mechanisms (the Zite Manager system), including help desks, outreach teams, and toll-free hotlines.
   

Community stabilization and community-driven development activities support communities and the FGS to restore peace and lay the foundations for a longer term, sustainable recovery while mitigating the drivers and negative effects of displacement in fragile contexts. Stabilization and early recovery efforts also seek to bolster confidence in communities emerging from conflict toward nascent local governance structures, strengthening the state as a viable alternative to extremism. IOM facilitates access and government-led engagement in newly and recently recovered areas (NRRAs) via the Early Recovery Initiative (ERI), whereby IOM intends to build vertical and horizontal integration and trust between communities and local institutions and enhance safety and security in targeted locations, supporting the ongoing efforts by the government and civil society.  IOM also deploys the Collaborative Safety and Security (CSS) model to support communities to take a role in their security governance.

This approach enhances the strategic depth of the ERI by providing a platform for the development of community-led safety initiatives in target locations. The package of programming can therefore be linked with structured efforts to promote locally legitimate institutions at the district and sub-district levels.

In addition, IOM’s co-funding mechanism enables communities to acquire skills to co-finance and manage their own development projects in partnership with local government. It encourages groups to work together to reduce competition over resources. IOM will ‘match’ the total amount that a community fundraises for an approved project. Depending on criteria around diversity, scope and intention, the funds raised may be doubled, tripled or further multiplied. Communities first identify a priority that is sustainable, inclusive, environmentally friendly and addresses a need, such as a public good, service or infrastructure. Selection of a local vendor is also encouraged within the programme to help boost the local economy. This mechanism is a great example of the humanitarian-development-peace nexus (HDPN) in action. IOM hopes to expand it to other locations affected by conflict in Somalia and beyond.

Additional community stabilization interventions will include:

• Supporting the government to deliver pre- and post-recovery services to enhance trust and rebuild legitimate institutions;  
• Facilitating government-led, community-driven action planning and enhancing local investment in priority projects;
• Promoting access to credible information through high quality research and analysis, including the Community Stabilization Index (COSI);
• Facilitating prevention and recovery from disasters, or adapting to the long-term effects of climate and environmental change;
• Promoting social cohesion and prosperity including local integration;
• In terms of policy and frameworks development, IOM will support the development of Social Cohesion Strategies at the FMS level, to provide a roadmap for addressing the current challenges and realities that obstruct social cohesion and integrate views, particularly of marginalized and vulnerable groups such as IDPs and DACs.  
• IOM also implements environmental peace building programmes under the umbrella of community stabilization, through the following initiatives:
• Green environment that restores ecosystems through regenerative and nature-based solutions, including regenerative agriculture, rangeland restoration, earthworks, and water harvesting.  
• Green governance focuses on natural resource management by, inter alia, facilitating nature-based conflict prevention and resolution, establishing, training, and integrating community groups and cooperatives such farmers and pastoralists for cohesive resource management, strengthening capacity and raising environmental awareness, implementing a community-driven, government-led green co-funding mechanism for environmentally sound investments, and promoting women-led environmental initiatives.
• Green economy fosters economic development through renewable energy investments like mini-grids and solar hubs, public-private partnerships in nature-based ventures, and greening value chains for environmental sustainability and greening value chains for environmental sustainability.  
• Under the green governance work, IOM will work on strengthening capacity of the federal and state level Ministry of Energy and Water Resources (MoEWR), Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation (MoAI) and  Ministry of Environment and Climate Change (MoECC) to establish the Jowhar Off Stream Programme (JOSP) Central Management Organization.      

IOM's Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) produces data to inform displacement prevention, response and solutions and produces the following mobility-related products:

• Conducting Flow Monitoring (FM) to capture cross-border population flows and migrant characteristics to inform stakeholders about migratory dynamics and protection needs. IOM will publish monthly FM reports on cross-border movements.
• Conducting Mobility Tracking (MT) through several tools:
  • The Baseline 2 (B2) assessment quantifies population presence, reasons for displacement, and needs in specific locations. 
  • Emergency Trend Tracking (ETT) tracks sudden displacement due to crises, helping prioritize humanitarian response and rapid assistance. 
  • Multi-Sectoral Needs Assessment (MSNA) collects data on needs and vulnerabilities via household surveys
  • Transhumance Trend Tracking (TTT) monitors pastoral mobility to support conflict prevention.
• Continuing to use the Movement Projection Model to forecast future displacements based on factors such as drought, flooding, conflict, rainfall, and aid delivery.
• As data is essential to support durable solutions programming, producing Data for Solutions (D4S) whereby IOM supports the government in implementing the Durable Solutions Progress  (DSP) survey that aims at measuring progress towards solutions to identify gaps and inform interventions that seek to assist IDPs to overcome displacement-related vulnerabilities, and provide an understanding of the sociological factors that characterize local integration from the perspective of IDPs and the host community.
   

IOM seeks to strengthen resilience and reduce disaster losses by investing in awareness, prevention and adaptation to risks, in alignment with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030. Reducing risks and mitigating the effects of crises are critical to preventing internal displacement and exacerbation of vulnerabilities across different social groups and populations. IOM will focus on enhancing prevention and mitigation measures in targeted locations to improve the protection of populations in disaster-prone areas of Somalia. Key activities will include:

• Setting up early warning systems in disaster-prone areas with IOM presence; 
• Implementing mitigation measures in health, nutrition, CCCM, and WASH to reduce risks in disaster-prone communities;
• Reducing the impact of flooding through structural and non-structural flood mitigation;
• Focusing on community-based disaster risk management interventions related to WASH to ensure sustained access to safe water and sanitation through environmental protection measures and trainings in drought and flood-prone areas;
• Evaluating how disaster risk reduction activities impact communities and strengthen national institutions when combined with participatory approaches and capacity-strengthening exercises;
• Conducting community-based disaster risk management (CBDRM), which involves actively engaging at-risk communities in the identification, analysis, treatment, monitoring, and evaluation of disaster risks to reduce vulnerabilities and enhance their capacities. Key outcomes include fewer lives lost, fewer injuries, reduced damage, faster recovery, and addressing vulnerabilities that may arise during reconstruction.  
   

Establishing the foundations for sustainable economic recovery and poverty reduction for migrants and persons affected by internal displacement is an important element of resilience building. Integrating livelihoods intervention in crisis response is also a crucial strategy to enhance the sustainability of relief efforts. Somali internal displacement-affected communities often face exclusion from market systems in areas of displacement, including livelihoods, lacking access to training and skills development activities, as well as facing social stigmatization, with many remaining in camps. 

Activities under this pillar include:

• Working with Danwadaag consortium partners to support vulnerable IDP families with a graduation approach (GA) providing consumption support grants, referrals to services including health, legal, education, rental assistance, protection, MHPSS, livelihoods training and business support grants, or job placements, as well as financial literacy and life skills training.    
• Piloting individual livelihood assistance packages to vulnerable new arrivals to urban areas such as Baidoa and Mogadishu, providing between USD 500 and USD 2,000 grants to families aiming to upskill IDPs in ways that will benefit them after their return. 
• Facilitating job creation through support to firms that can employ new arrivals and displaced persons through the Enterprise Development Fund (EDF). The EDF is a multi-donor fund that provides 100 percent concessional grant financing to firms for labour-intensive expansion, with a focus on female inclusion in the labour force and overall financial inclusion for the unbanked. The EDF supports small and medium-sized firm owners capable of absorbing IDPs but facing financial challenges or knowledge gaps in expanding their respective businesses.   
• Piloting interventions aimed at strengthening green value chains, with the goal of reducing the exposure of vulnerable farming and pastoral populations to internal displacement and facilitating the adaptation of their livelihoods to climate change.
• Supporting individuals to have restored, sustainable, climate change-adapted livelihoods.

With an increasing trend of displacement/migration to urban centres related to climatic shocks, insecurity, and better livelihood opportunities, there is a greater need for emergency, transitional or robust shelter and housing to accommodate all new arrivals. IOM will continue the provision of shelter assistance to households displaced across various regions in Somalia. This includes:

• Providing essential emergency shelter materials (two plastic sheets and fixing materials) or cash assistance in insecure tenure sites, ensuring individuals and families can establish shelters;
• Constructing improved emergency shelters in secure land sites, designed for durability and potential upgrades;
• Developing site and settlement plans, upgrading infrastructure such as shelters to reduce risks related to unorganized settlements, in coordination with CCCM, WASH and other sectors;
• Repairing and upgrading emergency shelters to more durable ones through community-driven approaches, enhancing resilience and sustainability;
• Providing transitional and durable shelters that can be expanded by owners, offering livelihood opportunities during implementation;
• Developing scalable, climate-resistant shelter prototypes suited to local practices, materials and community needs, addressing recurrent hazards such as flooding;
• Providing essential household items in areas where markets are non-functional.

Furthermore, IOM Somalia continues to contribute to setting the standard and building adequate housing solutions for vulnerable people, contributing to enhanced free movement for all the residents across each targeted city, as it allows for people to make a broader and informed choice on where to live. This includes:

• Constructing two-room houses in underserved neighbourhoods, to be paired with re-greening activities (i.e., tree planting);
• Consulting with the community to identify prototypes that are adequate for the context;
• Working on innovative ways to fund housing construction.

IOM will enhance the continuation and restoration of access to safe and equitable basic WASH services to the target communities, including vulnerable IDPs and host communities in Somalia. This access will be enhanced through the following activities:

• Restoring and building essential water supply sources (such as boreholes and wells) that provide immediate, safe and clean water for affected communities. In hard-to-reach areas, emergency water supply services will be provided as a supplement to the water supply;
• Establishing and ensuring the care and maintenance of sanitation facilities targeting vulnerable populations, including persons with disabilities, women and children, with no access to sanitation services;
• Delivering hygiene kits while ensuring hygiene and sanitation promotion activities and awareness-raising sessions reach as many beneficiaries as possible, especially those in hard-to-reach and at-high risk areas;
• Enhancing capacity strengthening to authorities, community leaders and water committees to improve coordination and sustainability of the newly established WASH infrastructures; 
• Targeting rural communities, including newly arrived groups, for risk communication community engagement (RCCE) through community sensitization and training on hygiene promotion practices from the WASH Cluster;
• Targeting health facilities at points of entry with WASH interventions in close coordination with health staff;  
• Implementing long-lasting pipeline activities to connect schools and hospitals to WASH infrastructures, ensuring reliable access to water and sanitation services;
• Enhancing community involvement through hygiene promotion activities, including organizing community clean-ups targeting youth, schools, and public spaces, in coordination with local elders to foster behavioural change.

IOM Somalia will also target peri-urban and urban areas in transitional situations and urban settlements to deliver efficient WASH services that are scalable and sustainable in the long term.  This includes:  

• Establishing WASH infrastructures in flood prone areas through the construction and rehabilitation of water systems that mitigate the negative impactsof floods
• Establishing WASH infrastructures in drought prone areas;
• Connecting schools and hospitals to WASH infrastructures through sustainable pipeline activities;
• Based on the previous successful practices, supporting authorities in understanding and addressing the long-term planning water needs in their districts

IOM will provide health and nutrition services, in an integrated response with WASH interventions, to reach communities affected by crisis in Somalia. Health and nutrition services will be provided in line with the national Essential Package of Health Services (EPHS) framework for service delivery.  The response will include: 

• Providing primary and emergency health care services and hygiene promotion activities.
• Providing primary health support to populations in dire need of healthcare services, with a focus on IDPs, hard-to-reach, remote, or conflict-affected areas with limited or no health actors.  
• Continuing to support three Migrant Reception Centres (MRC) and one transit centre, which will include the procurement of 10 medical kits to assist migrants, including unaccompanied minors. 

The housing, land and property (HLP) challenges faced by Displacement Affected Communities (DACs) in Somalia are complex, affecting their ability to access HLP rights and tenure security. A significant portion of Somalia’s urban displaced population is housed in informal settlements, of which over 85 per cent occupy privately-owned land without legal guarantees, documentation, or rights. Tenure agreements, when they exist, are often informal and can be easily violated, altered or invalidated without prior notice. This precarious situation perpetuates displacement through forced evictions and uncertainty, leaving tenants vulnerable in the absence of legally recognized tenancy rights. Supporting HLP rights—in particular, securing land tenure—is at the core of IOM’s approach to creating a conducive environment for lasting and sustainable solutions to displacement. 
 
IOM also supports the strengthening of local authorities’ capacity to respond to HLP issues and to facilitate the resolution of HLP disputes. Further, IOM is committed to sensitizing international and national actors to the centrality of land issues in post-conflict and post-disaster settings. Activities will include: 

• Supporting authorities and government entities in their processes of drafting of public and private area-based HLP management tools (policies, strategies, guidelines, laws and by laws, acts);
• Developing city extension and neighbourhood plans through participatory processes and reflecting durable solutions for DACs, and related implementation and financing plans, prepared through stakeholder participation;
• Strengthening land tenure security for DACs and protection from HLP violations such as forced evictions; 
• Providing technical and material support to state institutions who are relevant to the promotion and protection of HLP rights; 
• Facilitating access to HLP information and legal services to assist DACs to access services, restore missing civil and HLP documentation, navigate complex procedures, and utilize existing remedies in areas of displacement to enhance their protection; 
• Investing in research, studies, analyses and assessments related to HLP and conduct evidence-based advocacy and policy influence. 
• Designing fit for purpose land administration systems for local governments in order to enable them to generate revenues to fund services for displacement affected communities. This is done through supporting schemes of progressive property tax and by supporting transaction on land owned by private individuals or by authorities.
• Developing by-laws on fit-for-purpose land and property registration as well as developing exaction and other land value sharing tools, business licensing and public financial management.

Policy support will be provided to FMS and municipal authorities to implement policies and strategies enabling upscaling of durable solutions at all levels, including to monitor the impact of durable solutions. By-laws will be established on fit-for-purpose land and property registration developer exaction   and other land value sharing tools, business licensing, and public financial management for adoption.  IOM will also support the drafting of migration governance policies.

The main activities include: 

• Contributing to strategic national level policy discussions for the following strategic policy processes: social protection, civil sector reform, land, housing, and national transformation – among others;
• Contributing to the drafting of policies on migration management, which include legal identity, returns and reintegration, diaspora engagement, among other topics

IOM aims to address the identified gaps in civil registration and legal identity management systems and inform various policies and strategies, to provide the government with the necessary data for governance and better migration management of displaced populations and crisis-affected migrants in the country. IOM seeks to work with consular services abroad and with service providers in country to improve registration of voluntary returnees so that they can access reintegration services and other services available to Somali citizens in the country. The support includes enhancing the technological capacity of Somali institutions to deliver services in different parts of the country, complemented by awareness campaigns aimed at reaching a wider audience. Additionally, strengthened legal identity management systems support rights-based return, readmission and reintegration (RRR) schemes, fostering inter-agency coordination among various stakeholders. The planned activities include:

• Conducting a needs assessment of Somali consulates to identify knowledge gaps and support for providing legal identity services;
• Building / rehabilitating civil registration offices at the Mogadishu and regional levels;
• Enhancing legal expertise and develop necessary legal instruments within relevant ministries to strengthen the legal framework for identity systems;
• Designing and releasing awareness and sensitization campaigns that highlight the importance of registration and legal identity within crisis-affected communities to be able to exist and receive services;
• Establishing and operationalizing mobile registration teams to facilitate increased access to services for various crisis-affected migrant;
• Organizing workshops for stakeholders involved in managing a right-based RRR programmes to promote effective collaboration and coordination.

Given the increasing needs to protect, promote and support the well-being of crisis-affected populations during emergency responses, IOM will provide multi-layered MHPSS services, in line with the IASC (2007) guidelines for MHPSS in emergency settings. These levels align with a spectrum of mental health and psychosocial needs and range from embedding social and cultural considerations in basic service provision, facilitating natural community and family supports, providing focused supports such as counselling and providing specialized services for individuals with more complex conditions. IOM will do so through:

• Training healthcare workers and other emergency responders on basic MHPSS skills, principles and approaches, including psychosocial first aid (PFA), supportive communication skills, the identification and referral of individuals requiring more focused and specialized services;
• Establishing psychosocial mobile teams composed of MHPSS staff and community resource persons who can conduct community-level activities including awareness-raising on key issues affecting the wellbeing of the crisis-affected communities and socio-relational and cultural activities that aim to strengthen collective resilience and natural support systems. Select team members will also be trained on providing more focused support, including individual and group counselling and the formation of support groups.
  • Integrating MHPSS activities  in resilience and livelihoods activities, focusing on women in particular as mental health issues have serious implications for the growth and development of the nation’s economy. Activities will include the delivery of a group-based MHPSS curriculum, which has been pilot tested by IOM in the Somali context, with good mental health and economic outcomes
  • Integrating MHPSS into IOM’s Community Stabilization portfolio, through the use of socio-relational and cultural activities which target individual and collective wellbeing and social cohesion. These will link to IOM's other community-based MHPSS activities to ensure that multiple layers of support are available to those who need it.
  • Integrating MHPSS mission-wide and at minimum, all IOM staff will be trained in basic MHPSS skills to ensure they can protect and promote wellbeing in all of their programming actions. All programming will be reviewed with a psychosocial lens to ensure that systems are structures are also protecting and promoting wellbeing.

IOM will continue supporting the Government of Somalia to promote rehabilitation and reintegration of low-risk former associates of violent extremist organizations (VEOs) and will expand its scope further to interventions aimed to prevent violent extremism (PVE), thereby promoting peacebuilding in Somalia in a more holistic manner. Support will include:

• Providing tailored and gender-sensitive assistance for both low-risk former VEO associates and individuals at risk of being drawn to VE, especially youth and women, to promote their economic and social inclusion into communities;
• Enhancing communities’ resilience to violent extremism by supporting community-driven initiatives, such as social cohesion activities, community dialogues and infrastructure development; and
• Strengthening the capacities of the Government of Somalia and civil society organizations (CSOs) to promote the operationalization of the National Strategy for Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism (2024-2027).

The goal will be to reduce the risks faced by affected populations and improve their access to essential protection services. IOM will work towards mitigating GBV risks and responding to GBV cases through a variety of activities thanks to its static protection presence across all major IOM sub-offices and field sites, ensuring effective support in affected areas, through the support to IOM’s Somalia’s GBV specialist. Additionally, IOM has the capacity to deploy protection mobile responses in the surrounding locations to address any arising protection issues in the area. IOM will conduct sectoral interventions including:

• Providing protection support through thematic guidance at all stages of the response, ensuring the needs of all genders and vulnerable persons are addressed. Capacity-strengthening training for IOM and partners will cover PSEA, GBV response, disability inclusion, child protection (CP), and MHPSS;
• Ensuring protection presence during IOM registrations and distributions by fast-tracking vulnerable individuals, conducting safety audits, operating protection help desks informing community on available services  and referring protection concerns to specialized services (protection, GBV or CP case management, specialized MHPSS services);
• Implementing stand-alone protection interventions through IOM Protection Centres to identify protection risks, respond to immediate protection concerns, and inform tailored mitigation strategies. These activities will include individual protection assistance (IPA), protection case management, protection assessments, dignity kit distributions for women and girls, community-based protection networks, and capacity-strengthening for organizations of persons with disabilities (OPDs).

IOM is working at the intersection of security and justice duty-bearers and the communities they serve to address local security and transitional justice challenges.

IOM will enable Somalis to identify and address security and justice issues through leveraging increased levels of engagement, trust, capacity, and agency. Furthermore, IOM will deploy a range of interventions aimed at redressing violations related to protection, gender, abuse, tenure security and fundamental freedoms upheld by the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration (GCM) with interventions aimed at enhancing minority and disability inclusion across the range of IOM interventions, making social cohesion, mediation, and dispute resolution interventions more systematic across the board. IOM will seek to expand programming to two new districts, Doolow and Xudur.

Activities will include:

• Training for judges/judiciary in Mogadishu;
• Supporting government to coordinate security and justice actors; as well as support to address local problems with area-based approaches;  
• Sustaining awareness-raising and information sharing on media platforms such as radio dramas and show on access to justice;
• Providing equipment and infrastructure support to justice-related infrastructure.

IOM will manage the Common Pipeline (CP) programme on behalf of the S-NFI Cluster, providing critical support to S-NFI Cluster partners in procuring, prepositioning and delivering emergency supplies to assist the most vulnerable populations. The programme also provides financial assistance to selected cluster partners to distribute Core Pipeline items, helping them respond timely to critical needs. Furthermore, the programme works to strengthen capacity of local partners through relevant trainings and technical assistance in coordination with the Shelter Cluster. Activities will include: 

• Procuring, prepositioning and providing critical emergency supplies to Shelter Cluster partners to improve the efficiency of the cluster’s emergency response through coordinated, timely and localized S-NFI assistance;
• Providing financial contributions to local Shelter Cluster partners to empower local partners and opportunities for local partners to access the CP programme;
• Providing training and onsite support to cluster partners to strengthen their capacity and support the Shelter Cluster’s localization efforts.  

IOM will also support coordination systems and platforms to support the Government with coordinated and localized approaches to durable solutions. Activities will include:

• Supporting inclusive and whole-of-government durable solutions and coordination platform at the local and FMS and FGS levels. At the local level, this work will be carried out in tandem with the work of IOM linked to establish area-based coordination systems;
• Supporting authorities to pursue opportunities for public-private partnerships in areas such as electrification and infrastructure that improve the standards of living for DACs and other vulnerable urban residents;
• Building inclusive governance tools and systems and building capacities to deliver inclusive durable solutions. Federal member states and district governments will be supported to lead and coordinate multi-sectoral durable solutions processes through improved capacities and legitimacy;
• Supporting Federal, State and Municipal authorities to enable scaling up of durable solutions at all levels in line with the National Durable Solutions Strategy. This entails support for the operationalization of the National Solutions Pathway Action Plan 2024-2029. IOM's capacity development interventions strengthen the policy environment and enable officials from State institutions to enhance service delivery to displaced populations.

IOM works to enhance the capacity of Somali authorities to manage borders effectively, ensuring security while facilitating humanitarian assistance. IOM is involved in ensuring that facilities are built to host displaced groups at border points, providing essential services including S-NFI. Activities will include:

• Assessing existing infrastructures, resources and staffing at border posts to identify gaps and areas of improvement;
• Engaging with relevant agencies and providing capacity strengthening to ensure inter-agency and inter-state cooperation at ports of entry;
• Organizing workshops to enhance skills of border officials in areas such as crisis response, search and rescue operations and effective crisis communication;
• Develop and implement clear standard operating procedures for border management that incorporate humanitarian principles;
• Promoting the participation of border communities in crisis response.

IOM focuses on strengthening border management and governance to promote safe, orderly and dignified migration by ensuring that protection principles are upheld. Overall, IOM supports the government in the development and rollout of policies that outline regular and legal migration pathways, ensuring they are accessible to migrants. Activities include:

• Enhancing immigration officers' capacity to issue and handle travel documents at border points; 

• Advocating for regular pathways and running campaigns to educate communities about the benefits of regular migration and the risks associated with irregular pathways, such as trafficking in persons.

IOM emphasizes the crucial role of labour mobility in driving economic growth and developing the skills of service providers through diaspora members mobilized under labour mobility approaches. This involves providing regular pathways, which ensure that the rights and contributions of migrant workers are acknowledged and valued, so that they can support the skills of the health and education workforce in Somalia who can attend to the needs of crisis-affected migrants and host communities.

Activities will include:

• Conducting training for labour attachés on legal representation to ensure better protection for labour migrants;
• Providing capacity-strengthening to private recruitment agencies (PRAs) and government authorities to facilitate regular migration pathways for potential labour migrants and regulate the recruitment industry to prevent labour exploitation and forced labour.
• Supporting members of the diaspora to take positions in Somalia with health and education facilities to support skills enhancement of Somalia workforce who can in turn provided improved services to crisis-affected migrants.

To address the vulnerabilities faced by migrants along the Eastern and Southern Route, IOM will provide assisted voluntary return and reintegration (AVRR) to Somali wanting to return to their country. Most returning Somalia migrants come from Northern Europe, but also from Yemen and the Gulf countries, thus IOM will offer AVRR support to Somali migrants who choose to return from host or transit countries: 

• In offices in those countries and in coordination with the host government, coordinating pre-departure support such as orientations, legal advice, and transportation;
• In Somalia, coordinating post-arrival support ensuring targeted assistance for vulnerable groups, including unaccompanied children, pregnant women, and the elderly. Providing post arrival support consisting of shelter, protection, and health assistance upon immediate arrival.