IOM will provide CCCM support to the government and CCCM partners as the CCCM Cluster co-lead in the CAR. Based on identified needs, IOM will support the improvement of coordination mechanisms with the CCCM actors in camps and host communities and through capacity strengthening. IOM will:

• Strengthen capacities of all actors on CCCM (on camp management, area-based approaches, preparedness, information management, durable solutions etc.) and advocate for well-planned and dignified camp consolidation and closure processes, and respect for the IDPs' freedom of movements.
• Provide Cluster information management support: 
  • Develop 4W reporting tools on partners' operational presence and Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan (HNRP) and non-HNRP-related achievements.
  • Conduct data collection and analysis to provide up-to-date information on CCCM and shelter-NFI needs and response.
  • Monitor CCCM and Shelter-NFI interventions, identification of gaps and advocacy.
• Design IM standard tools for cluster partners to support the identification and profiling of affected communities in displacement sites and host communities (disaggregated by sex and age group). 
• Mainstream protection principles across coordination activities to ensure safety and dignity, avoid causing harm, and guarantee meaningful access to assistance for all the persons in need, without discrimination. The cross-cutting aspects (protection; gender, disabilities, PSEA etc.) will be integrated in activities such as capacity strengthening, the HNRP process, and development of annual strategies. 
• Develop annual strategies and humanitarian response plans for CCCM and Shelter-NFI
• Develop strategies, identify and  select partners, and monitor pooled funds (Humanitarian Funds and the Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) for the CCCM/Shelter-NFI Cluster, as a cluster co-lead. 
• Standardize approaches, costs and development of technical tools to ensure the quality of CCCM and Shelter-NFI interventions.
• Promote camp closure and durable solutions in the safe areas where IDPs intend to return, be relocated to or locally integrated into, within the cluster strategies, information management and advocacy.
• Represent the cluster in all humanitarian coordination forums and externally with donors, government and other representatives.
• Support coordination and information sharing between the national cluster in Bangui and the regional sub-cluster.

IOM will implement shelter and settlements activities to address new displacements caused by emergencies, including violence or natural hazards, and to support durable solutions, incuding return, local integration, or relocation. Interventions will be tailored to local contexts, with emergency shelters and NFI kits provided in response to immediate shocks and semi-durable shelters designed to facilitate long-term solutions.  All shelter interventions will adhere to Sphere Standards and the guidelines established by the merged CCCM-Shelter-NFI Cluster in CAR.

Emergency context:

• Provide lifesaving NFIs and emergency shelter kits to vulnerable families affected by recent shocks (violence/disasters) in coordination with the Rapid Response Mechanism led by the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and international NGOs in CAR. The targeting of beneficiaries will consider vulnerabilities, particularly in terms of gender or disability. 
• In case the local market is functioning, safe and all items are available, use cash transfers (via the bank Ecobank) to assist the displaced people with NFIs. 

Sudanese Crisis context:

• Support the new waves of asylum seekers with emergency shelter and NFI kits to improve their living conditions at relocation sites managed by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and the government.
• Coordinate with UNHCR, CNR (Commission Nationale des Réfugiés – National Commission for Refugees), and other humanitarian partners to rehabilitate or construct shelters, ensuring adequate support for Central African returnees impacted by the Sudanese crisis. 

Supporting the return, relocation or local integration of IDPs or vulnerable returnees:

• Continue supporting the return and local integration of IDPs to encourage the site closure in stable areas in the sub-prefectures of Bambari, Kaga-Bandoro, Alindao, Batangafo, Birao and Bria.
• Improve the living conditions of vulnerable households (returnees and/or relocated and/or locally integrated IDPs) through the rehabilitation of substandard housing (transitional shelters) to support conditions of safety, privacy and dignity. IOM will provide technical support alongside the intervention through skills training for masons and the targeted community.
• Conduct site planning, upgrading of settlement infrastructure, participatory enumeration, and address systems, including activities to reduce risks related to settlement conditions (in coordination with CCCM, WASH, DRR, and other sectors).
• Construct semi-durable shelters with familial latrines. These activities target relocated displaced people and returnees, with the involvement of host communities, and are achieved through in-kind assistance or through a participatory community approach, backed up by cash interventions where appropriate.
• To support local integration, negotiate with the local authorities to offer land to IDP households to support their integration and shelter construction. Particular attention is paid to considerations relating to housing, land and property (HLP) so that the people receiving assistance can enjoy full ownership of the shelters built and to minimize the risk of land disputes.
• Consider vulnerabilities (disabilities, gender, age) during shelter interventions and take specific support measures for the most vulnerable beneficiaries for the construction of shelters.
• Develop information, education, and communication (IEC) materials which help to communicate technical messages to beneficiaries for the shelter kits.

IOM will implement WASH activities to respond to new displacements in the emergency contexts (due to violence or natural hazards) and the arrival of new waves of asylum seekers and to support durable solutions. All the WASH interventions will respect the Sphere Standards and the guidance defined by the WASH Cluster in CAR.

Emergency context:

• Distribute hygiene kits to vulnerable households affected by new shocks or disasters, in coordination with the RRM and the WASH Cluster in CAR. 
• Install handwashing facilities and hygiene awareness in the context of epidemics in areas affected by new waves of epidemics.

Sudanese Crisis context:

• Support the new waves of asylum seekers with hygiene kits to improve their living conditions.
• In coordination with UNHCR, CNR, and other humanitarian actors, rehabilitate/construct water points (boreholes) and sanitation infrastructures in the relocation sites hosting refugees.

Supporting the return, relocation or local integration of IDPs:

• Construct family latrines.
• Construct or rehabilitate water points (boreholes) in return support areas in line with the Sphere Standards and guidance of the WASH Cluster in CAR.
• Promote hygiene awareness in return, relocation or local integration support areas.

IOM CAR plans to implement a set of activities for disaster risk management. In 2025, based on DTM data, IOM CAR will further engage the prevention and reduction of the impacts of natural hazards, as well as strengthening emergency response when shocks related to disasters and human actions occur. To achieve this, IOM will: 

Deploy the DTM (Displacement Tracking Matrix):

• Support the national disaster preparedness actors in the development of community-based risk mapping in the most disaster-prone regions. This will allow for the assessment of the preparedness level of these regions to effectively address potential risks and establish a vulnerability scale to identify the severity of threats and prioritize decision-making for those responsible for enhancing disaster preparedness
• Conduct capacity-strengthening programmes for key actors in crisis committees and disaster preparedness, including the Flooding Task Force. These programmes will aim to equip participants with the necessary tools for data collection for community-based risk mapping or evaluation of sudden shocks, as well as to strengthen and establish these crisis management and preparedness committees in remote areas of the country, outside of Bangui.

Support the CCCM/Shelter-NFI Cluster:

• Develop mechanisms and a toolbox adapted for emergency response to shocks for the CCCM and shelter-NFI sectors.
• Organize capacity-strengthening sessions for national humanitarian actors on mechanisms and approaches for emergency responses in shelter-NFI. These training sessions will include:
• Training on early warning mechanisms to anticipate crises and disasters, 
• Training on adequate Shelter-NFI responses to shocks (standards for emergency kits, purchasing procedures, pre-positioning, transport, routing, distributions, post distribution monitoring).

Facilitate community-based disaster risk management:

• Organize workshops and information campaigns on the specific risks of natural hazard and human-induced disasters.
• Train residents in first aid.
• Identify disaster preparedness mechanisms already implemented by communities, capitalize on these mechanisms and strengthen them.
• Develop local early warning mechanisms, including monitoring weather conditions and using mobile technologies to disseminate warnings.
• Develop evacuation plans adapted to local realities and regularly organize exercises to prepare populations to act and react.
   

Support the integration of human mobility in climate processes:

• Strengthen the technical capacity of government and relevant stakeholders to include human mobility (including displaced people, returnees, repatriates, and asylum seekers) in key national documents related to climate processes, including the Nationally Determined Contribution, and the initial national climate change adaptation plan. This will involve building the capacity of these stakeholders on the theme of human mobility, the link between human mobility and climate change and possible impacts, and the incorporation of these concepts into relevant key documents and discussion forums.

DTM is a comprehensive system designed to monitor population displacement, assess the needs of affected individuals, and provide valuable insights to decision-makers for effective humanitarian responses. Since its launch in CAR in 2013, DTM has established a robust foundation of reliable data, which is widely used by humanitarian actors to inform the response. Given its extensive presence and recognized expertise in displacement tracking within the country, DTM serves as a crucial resource for understanding evolving displacement dynamics and trends in the country.

In 2025, in order to continue strengthening existing initiatives and to respond to new information needs identified for action, insight, and foresight, IOM will focus on several key activities aligned with its DTM methodological framework:

• Mobility Tracking Assessments: Maintain national coverage to regularly estimate the number and profile of internally displaced persons (IDPs) and returnees, while also providing an overview of their needs and living conditions in designated locations. This data will support advocacy efforts, humanitarian responses, and early recovery and crisis prevention initiatives.
• Emergency Tracking: Deliver timely data to humanitarian and governmental entities regarding the number of individuals displaced by recent shocks, including droughts, floods, and conflicts, along with their specific needs. More specifically, IOM CAR will provide more accurate information on alerts in the event of shocks and will conduct rapid assessments of sudden crises, especially in urban areas, in coordination with other mechanisms such as the RRM. This will enable response actors to access critical information on urgent needs. DTM will also continue tracking displacement to strengthen understanding of crisis dynamics, vulnerabilities of affected populations and their ability to withstand additional crises or disasters.
• Future Intention Surveys: Conduct surveys to enable humanitarian and durable solutions actors to tailor interventions that align with the needs and future intentions of displaced individuals and returnees in both sites and host communities. These surveys assess the interests, preferences, choices, aspirations, conditions, and opportunities that displaced communities have to pursuing sustainable solutions through local integration, relocation, or return to places of origin.  
• Solution and Mobility Index (SMI): Extend the SMI with a strong inclusion of key partners (Government counterparts, key actors in data collection), to achieve national coverage, thereby aiding in the operationalization of the durable solutions strategy for the country and highlighting areas where returns are fragile, in accordance with the recommendations of the Data for Solutions to Internal Displacement (DSID) Framework.
• Multisectoral Needs Assessment (MSNA): Conduct assessments in return locations to gather information on the needs of populations.
• Transhumance Tracking Tool: Monitor cross-border transhumance flows in the western region bordering Cameroon and the northern region bordering Chad. This will facilitate the establishment of early warning mechanisms for potential agropastoral event hotspots, providing evidence-based information on transhumance trends, community perceptions, transhumance corridors, herd sizes and types, as well as the number and profiles of herders involved.

Interventions will focus on providing protection services and assistance fostering resilience and creating an environment promoting positive coping mechanisms, while enhancing the capacities of communities, authorities, and humanitarian actors to provide an efficient response to protection incidents, reduce or mitigate protection risks, and have a better understanding of protection principles, human rights and protection mainstreaming. Considering the recent crisis in Sudan, interventions will also aim to provide protection assistance to CAR returnees affected by the conflict and the host communities receiving them. IOM will:

• Provide individual protection assistance (including psychosocial and food assistance, housing if needed, NFI, reimbursement of transport costs and income-generating activities), internal referral to medical assistance, for persons with protection needs or those at risk, including victims/survivors of violence and crises and people with disabilities, focusing on beneficiaries' specific needs, and the development of standard operating procedures (SOPs). 
• Strengthen the existing service mapping and referral mechanisms to multisectoral services, strengthen capacities of staff and partners and raise awareness among communities on how to access and use them. 
• Reinforce the capacities of government, local authorities, and humanitarian actors to address the protection needs of crisis-affected populations. This includes enhancing their ability to prevent and respond to protection issues through trainings and development of tools, particularly in areas of counter-trafficking. 
• Facilitate access to protection-focused messages by community members through awareness-raising, working closely with the women, men, people with disabilities, and youth committees. 
• Support the creation or reactivation of community- based child/protection committees. 
• Support safe shelter structures to ensure dignified and safe assistance for people at risk or victims of trafficking.
• Distribute material assistance such as dignity kits for women and girls of reproductive age and disseminate protection focused messages.   
• Implement tailored cash for protection interventions. 
• Collaborate with local organizations of people with disabilities (OPDs) to contribute to overall protection work, responding to the needs of people with disabilities, including survivors.

IOM will provide MHPSS services to migrants and crisis-affected populations in line with IOM’s Manual on Community-Based MHPSS in Emergencies and Displacement (2nd Edition, IOM, 2021) and the Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) Guidelines on MHPSS in Emergency Settings. 

IOM interventions will focus on providing MHPSS and social cohesion activities to foster recovery and resilience among host communities and CAR returnees (former IDPs and returnees from Sudan) affected by the conflict and build resilience to shocks.

The interventions will include: 

• Strengthen the capacity of pre-existing community-based networks by providing trainings on psychological first aid (PFA) and basic psychosocial skills. 
• Conduct awareness-raising sessions on stress management and referral pathways for MHPSS.
• Conduct MHPSS community-based activities including the provision of psychological first aid, provide referrals for people with severe mental health conditions to specialized mental health service providers, individual and group counselling, socio-relational activities, psychoeducation, and support groups. 
• Collaborate with local organizations of people with disabilities (OPDs) to respond to the needs of survivors and people with disabilities through psychosocial support.
• Provide MHPSS activities such as the organization of community awareness campaigns on the impact of hate speech on physical and mental health and psychosocial well-being, and the organization of psycho-education sessions, counselling, psycho-relational activities, to promote social cohesion between displaced and host communities and returnees affected by conflict and multiple shocks.  

IOM will continue to consolidate its community stabilization activities and will focus on engaging in new locations (including in Bossangoa, prefecture of Ouham) to support the peace process and address drivers of instability and fragility. This programming will involve the strengthening of local peacebuilding capacities and the constructive and professional engagement of young people who consider violence (enrolment into armed groups) as the only alternative to survival, creating positive change in the socioeconomic status of their respective communities. This approach will ensure that the target population (youth, local authorities, women, traditional and religious groups, and so forth) can contribute to the peace process through their participation in prioritized community projects. This will include: 

• Contribute to strengthening the capacity of local authorities in social cohesion and peaceful coexistence, conflict prevention and conflict resolution with the aim of building/increasing the confidence between the local authorities and their respective communities; and contributing to the construction/rehabilitation of prioritized community infrastructures through community participation.
• Conduct community-based participatory planning, in order to identify priority infrastructures to be built and/or rehabilitated in the communities.

Community violence reduction (CVR) initiatives will complement community stabilization (CS) activities as they aim to improve security and contribute to the protection of civilians at the local level. In particular, this will be done through the economic and social reinsertion of individuals associated with armed groups who are non-eligible for the national DDRR programme and community members as a whole, with a focus on youth with conflict-carrying capacities and women. CVR and CS activities constitute essential grassroots community engagement to prevent and reduce communal and agropastoral conflicts/violence in key hotspots, revitalize local economies, and promote peaceful coexistence and social cohesion, thereby contributing to the protection of civilians and the creation of a secure environment.

This will include improving the security situation through:

• Support the reintegration in the community of at-risk youth and former combatants non-eligible for the national DDRR programme.  
• Support economic reintegration through viable, market-verified income-generating activities (IGAs).  
• Promote reconciliation, social cohesion and peaceful resolution of conflicts at the community level.  
• Strengthen the capacity of local structures for sustainable community engagement.  
• Promote peaceful transhumance and revitalize its early warning mechanisms and improving the collection and management of information on pastoralism and transhumance.  
• Promote peaceful transhumance by strengthening conflict prevention mechanisms in localities where transhumance hot spots are located. 
• Support women’s empowerment initiatives such as the establishment of women’s cultural centres as spaces where women can discuss their security concerns – accessible to CSOs and police officers upon invitation.  
• Undertake community-based development projects for underserved populations such as youth, children, and older people, with a focus on returnees and IDPs. 
• Create a safety and security-conscious community to sustain safety for all residents in the area at reduced crime levels. 
• Support existing or establish new inclusive community peace committees or similar platforms where local communities can work to identify and resolve local safety and security issues in partnership with law enforcement.

IOM intends to increase its livelihoods and economic recovery activities, as part of an integrated durable solutions package designed to help returnees, relocated, and locally integrated IDPs regain their economic self-sufficiency and rebuild their lives while strengthening resilience to recurring disasters. These activities are crucial in enabling people to transition from humanitarian assistance to long-term stability.  

The interventions will include: 

• Vocational Training: Provide training in various skills and trades to equip individuals with the knowledge and skills needed to find employment or start their own businesses.  
• Savings and Financial Literacy Education: Educate individuals on the importance of savings and responsible financial management, including the establishment of savings groups and mechanisms. 
• Microfinance and Access to Credit (Village Loans and Credits Associations): Facilitate access to microloans and credit for individuals, allowing individuals to invest in income-generating activities. 
• Market Development: Foster the development and resilience of local markets to ensure fair access for producers and consumers, often through infrastructural improvements and market linkages. 
• Skills training: Enhance the quality of skills training and contributing to improving skills training centres of local enterprises.   
• Coordination: Reinforce coordination between the state, local enterprises and skills training centres to ensure that skill sets match job market opportunities.  
• Cash-Based Interventions: Provide cash or vouchers to vulnerable individuals and families to help them meet basic needs, invest in livelihoods, and stimulate local economies.  
• Community-Based Initiatives: Support community-based economic activities, such as community gardens, cooperatives, and other income-generating projects. 
• Climate Adaptation: Support adaptation of rural livelihoods to climate change, especially for communities exposed to disasters such as flooding. Activities carried out will also ensure inclusion of conflict-affected and left behind individuals in professional training and income-generating activities (IGAs). 

IOM plans to support returnees, formerly internally displaced persons, in accessing title deeds that prove their rights to access housing, land and property, and to ensure that frameworks are in place for the amicable management of housing, land and property disputes. These activities are crucial to restoring the rights of returnees and guaranteeing the sustainable acquisition of the shelters that will be built on their plots as part of the provision of sustainable solutions to displacement. IOM CAR will support land and property activities through the: 

• Support and reinforce local administrative structures, local authorities, opinion leaders, community leaders on land issues (registration and issuance of documents) through workshops and capacity strengthening, consultations, and exchange with an expert to set up a sustainable framework for amicable management of housing, land and property (HLP) issues.
• Identify and monitor of land and property issues, through a community assessment of community conflict resolution mechanisms.
• Support the revision and validation of property title-deeds for displaced persons and the host community. 

In 2025, IOM CAR will improve IDPs' and host communities’ access to civil documentation, which has often been lost during movements and crises. Access to this civil documentation will enable IDPs and host communities to regain their human rights, protect them against possible rights violations and give them access to basic services (education, health, social assistance) and economic opportunities.  More specifically, IOM will: 

• Identify and register people on the move who have no identity documents.
• Support the organization of mobile courts to issue legal identity papers.
• Raise awareness among returnees, especially women and girls, of the importance of legal identity documents in preventing the risk of statelessness. 
• Support vulnerable people in accessing the procedures for issuing identity documents (including victims of trafficking, women heads of household, young girls, discriminated persons, etc.).

Through its community engagement and policing (CEP) activities, IOM will target border areas and communities with influxes of migrants or IDPs to enable a decentralized approach in which State authorities and law enforcement establish a proactive and efficient relationship with communities. This process includes enabling community leaders to communicate their safety and security needs and concerns to relevant authorities and help avert cross-border crime, identify security issues, and take ownership of regional challenges; therefore, contributing to improved border governance practices. CEP interventions can target cross-border or transit locations, areas of origin to which IDPs and refugees have returned, and areas in which migrants reside. 

The interventions will include:

• Organize joint capacity-strengthening sessions for actors involved in border management and border communities (such as exchanges, discussions, and interactive workshops).
• Conduct awareness-raising sessions on the involvement of communities, local and/or traditional authorities and the security providers in gender promotion and behaviour change communication (BCC) on gender-based violence (GBV).
• Conduct a simulation exercise on community crisis response capacity.

In 2025, IOM is planning to support the national expanded program of immunization using the mobility-centred routine immunization approach to reach IDPs, returnees, refugees, transhumants and host communities through the IOM Health Border and Mobility Management Framework. The interventions will focus on: 

• Conduct Population Mobility Mapping through participatory methods and in coordination with DTM in hot spots. 
• Develop and use a digital mobility-health tool (Vaccination Tracking Tool) to accurately track people on the move and reach them in a timely manner to complete their vaccinations. 
• Reach beneficiaries through route-based service delivery points, ensuring migrant-sensitive service delivery.