IOM’s Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) is a leading tool to monitor and analyze displacement and migration flows as well as to identify affected populations. In 2025 , IOM will focus on:

• Ongoing deployment of IOM DTM teams in the Lac province and the east of Chad to enable the monitoring of displacement trends and assessments of access to key resources in sites which host displaced populations. In the east, teams will also focus on identifying and expanding biometric registration of vulnerable returnee households to improve the quality of data as part of the Sudan crisis response. Data collected on displacement and needs will support knowledge- sharing within the humanitarian community, enhancing coordination and informing the targeting of life-saving assistance.  
• Continuing to provide data to promote informed decision-making and identify and develop durable solutions   to internal displacement through the Future Intentions Survey and Solutions and Mobility Index.   
• Conducting flow monitoring along other key migratory routes, including in the north of Chad, to understand trends in migratory movements and support enhanced responses to evolving migration dynamics. 
• Implementing a Migrant Presence Study in select zones in Chad to understand migration pull factors, migrants’ socioeconomic and demographic profiles, along with their underlying vulnerabilities.
• Enhancing tools to monitor and produce data on climate vulnerability and displacement caused by natural hazards. This data will support humanitarian actors to prepare and design informed and effective responses to crises triggered by environmental events.

As part of IOM’s commitment to ensuring dignified living conditions for crisis-affected households, shelter interventions will include the following:

• Provision of Shelter and Non-Food Items (S/NFI): 
  • Distributing essential shelter materials and non-food items aligned with the technical designs and standards established by the S/NFI Cluster. Drawing on needs and context assessments, assistance will be provided to newly displaced persons along with those in protracted displacement situations. 
  • Incorporating sustainable and environmentally friendly practices within shelter interventions, such as the use of locally available and eco-friendly materials. Efforts will also focus on enhancing the resilience of shelters to future shocks, including through the use of fire-resistant shelter designs, to reduce the vulnerability of displaced populations.

Site management support is designed to enhance access to services and support dignified living conditions within displacement sites through participatory planning and site maintenance initiatives. To this end, IOM will focus on:  

• Investing in enhancing the quality and safety (including considerations of GBV risks) of both new and existing displacement sites. This includes measures to mitigate risks associated with natural hazards, such as fire and flooding, through structural improvements, drainage systems, and fire safety measures. Community engagement will be central to these efforts, ensuring solutions are contextually appropriate and address the specific needs and priorities of affected populations.  

• Working closely with communities to strengthen local capacity in site management, ensuring the active participation of women and youth. Training initiatives will empower community members to maintain and adapt shelters and other site infrastructures, enhancing ownership and sustainability. 

IOM's water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) support will aim to enhance access to safe and sustainable WASH services for displaced populations, returnees, and host communities, with an emphasis on community engagement and capacity strengthening. Key interventions will include: 

• Provision of WASH Infrastructure and Services: 

  • Constructing, rehabilitating, and maintenance of maintaining water supply systems, including boreholes, wells, and water distribution networks, to ensure access to safe and sufficient water for daily use in line with Sphere Standards.  
  • Establishing improved sanitation facilities, such as gender-segregated latrines and waste management systems, designed to meet the needs of diverse populations while ensuring privacy and safety. 
  • Prioritizing environmentally sustainable designs, such as solar-powered water pumps.  
  • Addressing specific gender and protection concerns including GBV risks in WASH infrastructure, such as improving lighting and accessibility around facilities to enhance safety, including for people living with disabilities. 

• Hygiene Promotion and Sensitization: 
  • Providing hygiene kits to vulnerable households, including menstrual hygiene items, accompanied by gender-segregated awareness sessions to cover the correct use of the items in the kits and provide an opportunity for questions and clarification.
  • Conducting targeted hygiene awareness sessions in transit centres and displacement and returnee sites to promote the adoption of safe hygiene practices, such as handwashing, safe water storage, and proper waste disposal.
  • Disseminating educational materials and hosting interactive community-led campaigns to reinforce key messages and ensure effective behavioral change.

• Creation and Support of Community Committees:
  • Establishing WASH management committees comprised of community members (including the active representation of women   and members from host communities and IDPs), to oversee the operation and maintenance of WASH infrastructure.
  • Providing technical training to committee members on the maintenance and repair of water and sanitation facilities, enhancing local ownership and long-term sustainability.
  • Empowering committees (also including women) to monitor and address issues related to water quality, infrastructure maintenance, and equitable access to WASH services.

Through these efforts, IOM aims to deliver immediate WASH assistance while fostering inclusive community-led solutions that ensure the sustainability and resilience of WASH infrastructure and services, while contributing to reducing tensions over community water management.

As markets in Chad are functional, multi-purpose cash assistance (MPCA) is a highly cost-effective and dignified modality to allow displaced households the flexibility to meet the immediate needs they have prioritized at the household level. IOM will implement the following interventions: 

• Providing unconditional MPCA to vulnerable, displaced households in line with the cash working group guidance. 
• In the east of Chad, leveraging MPCA to stimulate demand in local markets, fostering economic activities, and aiding in the recovery of supply chains disrupted by the crisis in neighboring Darfur. 
• Undertaking comprehensive needs assessments, market analyses, and feasibility and risk assessments to guide the targeting of assistance to ensure that households with context-specific vulnerabilities, including those led by women, the elderly, or persons with disabilities, are prioritized.

In the face of the protection risks faced by groups with specific needs and vulnerabilities, particularly women and girls, IOM provides holistic protection services. These services span the individual, household, and community levels and are designed to address immediate individual and household protection concerns while contributing to strengthening protective factors within crisis-affected communities. Activities include: 

• Tailoring individual, in-kind assistance to address urgent protection concerns.
• Community-based activities such as capacity strengthening and awareness-raising, to develop community protection mechanisms. These efforts aim to empower communities to identify and address protection issues, drawing on capacities and reinforcing protective factors within the community. 
• Outreach to remote, underserved areas, including through the mobile protection teams and partnerships with local civil society organizations. 
• Fostering dialogue and peaceful coexistence between returnees and host communities in the east of Chad through a range of inter-community activities. These initiatives are designed to build trust and bolster community-level protective factors.
• Identifying and providing reintegration support for survivors of trafficking, including the provision of shelter, healthcare, mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS), and livelihoods assistance to enable sustainable reintegration. In addition, IOM will continue to support the strengthening of referral pathways and the implementation of the National Action Plan on Trafficking in collaboration with the National Anti-Trafficking Committee.
• Providing voluntary return assistance and reintegration support for Chadian migrants returning from host and transit countries. Assistance will include shelter, medical assistance, mental and psychosocial support or referrals, and livelihood assistance to enable returnees to rebuild their lives within their communities.

IOM provides comprehensive mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) interventions  designed to provide both immediate relief and long-term support for individuals and communities impacted by displacement and crisis. Multi-layered MHPSS activities are based on the Inter-Agency Standing Committee’s MHPSS intervention pyramid and aligned with IOM’s Manual on Community-Based MHPSS  in Emergencies and Displacement. Activities include: 

• Individual and Group Counselling: IOM offers tailored counselling services to individuals and groups to help them process distressful  experiences, manage stress, and develop positive coping mechanisms. These sessions provide safe spaces for displaced individuals and returnees to explore their feelings, learn techniques to manage mental health challenges, and regain a sense of stability and control. Group counselling also fosters peer support, enabling participants to connect with others who share similar experiences, thereby reducing feelings of isolation. Persons with severe mental health problems are referred to specialized mental health care services.
• Psychoeducation and Awareness-Raising: IOM conducts psychoeducation sessions for populations affected by displacement or conflict  which focus  dealing with distress, and the development of positive coping mechanisms. These sessions help individuals recognize mental health symptoms in themselves and others and offer strategies to address them effectively. Awareness-raising initiatives encourage community members to support each other, fostering a culture of mutual care, trust, and resilience. By equipping communities with tools to manage psychosocial challenges collectively, these activities build the foundation for long-term recovery, peaceful coexistence, and strengthened social bonds.
• Socio-relational, Creative and Arts-Based, Sports and Play, and Cultural Activities: Recognizing the importance of social interaction and creative expression to promote well-being and social cohesion, IOM organizes socio-relational activities. These activities include art-based interventions, sports, and storytelling, which provide adaptive outlets through which participants can process their emotions in constructive and non-verbal ways. For children, these activities not only offer emotional relief but also contribute to their cognitive and social development, helping them adapt to their circumstances and regain a sense of normalcy.
• Coordination: IOM actively collaborates with relevant international and national stakeholders to share best practices, establish or reinforce referral systems, and support the delivery of multisectoral, culturally sensitive MHPSS responses.

Through these interconnected interventions, IOM seeks to address the immediate mental health and psychosocial needs of crisis-affected populations while strengthening individual and community resilience, promoting long-term well-being, and fostering recovery in the face of adversity. 
 

The scale of displacement from Sudan into eastern Chad has severely strained the health sector, leaving many displaced persons and returnees with little to no health services. To address these challenges and uphold communities’ right to health, IOM aims to implement: 

• Mobile Health Clinics: Deployment of mobile health teams to deliver essential medical care directly to displaced and returnee populations in hard-to-reach areas, ensuring timely and life-saving services for those with limited access to healthcare facilities. 
• Infectious Disease and Non-Communicable Disease Management: Delivery of treatment for common infectious and non-communicable diseases, as well as health screenings, information, and vaccination campaigns to reduce the risk of disease outbreaks as well as encourage the uptake of healthy behaviors.  . 
• Capacity Strengthening for Local Health Systems: Strengthening local healthcare infrastructure through training, provision of medical supplies, and technical assistance to enhance the response capabilities of local health authorities. 

To mitigate tensions over limited natural resources, public services, and infrastructure and increase resilience to future shocks and stressors, IOM will continue to utilize a community-based planning approach, enabling communities to be at the forefront of their stabilization and recovery. This approach includes: 

• Collaboration with Local Stakeholders: IOM will work closely with community leaders, returnee representatives, and local authorities to ensure that interventions are context-specific and inclusive. The community dialogue process promotes  the active participation of women and youth, as well as the representation of different population groups within crisis - or displacement-affected communities to ensure various perspectives are captured. This participatory approach straddles empowering communities to take ownership of decision-making processes on priorities and needs, while aligning interventions with local and national development plans through coordination with government Steering Committees. 
• Revitalization of Critical Infrastructure: IOM will prioritize the rehabilitation and construction of essential infrastructure identified by communities, such as water systems, schools, health facilities, and marketplaces. These projects will not only address immediate needs but also promote long-term resilience by improving access to key resources and services for both displaced populations and host communities. 
• Capacity Strengthening and Empowerment: IOM will focus on strengthening the capacity of local communities through inclusive community management committees, tasked with overseeing and maintaining infrastructure. Through training and collaborative planning processes, communities are equipped with participatory decision-making forums through which to address emerging challenges. 

Through utilizing a community-based planning approach, IOM aims to ensure that local populations are active participants in their own stabilization and recovery, creating a foundation for long-term peace, resilience, and development. 

In collaboration with community leaders and government counterparts, IOM will implement integrated livelihood interventions designed to support the resilience of both displaced and non-displaced Chadians. These interventions will focus on: 

• Youth Vocational Training: IOM will provide vocational training programmes tailored to labor market needs. Given that 90 per cent of Chad’s labor market remains dominated by self-employment or household employment (World Bank, 2022), modules on entrepreneurship, business management, green jobs, and financial literacy will be integrated into youth training programmes. Through technical training and provision of in-kind business start-up kits, IOM equips young people with the skills required to engage in sustainable income-generating activities. 
• Training and In-Kind Assistance for Women’s Cooperatives: IOM will support women’s cooperatives by providing specialized training and in-kind assistance to strengthen their capacity to engage in income-generating activities. This will enable women to build economic resilience, promote gender equality, and enhance their role in community development. 
• Climate-Adaptive Livelihoods: IOM will promote the development of climate-resilient livelihoods, enabling individuals to adapt to environmental changes and reduce vulnerability to climate-related shocks. These livelihood options will focus on sustainable agricultural practices, eco-friendly business ventures, and other climate-adaptive strategies to ensure the long-term sustainability of livelihoods.  

IOM will strengthen the capacity of Chadian authorities and community leaders to address disparities in housing, land, and property (HLP) rights between returnees and non-displaced Chadians. This will involve:  

• Providing targeted training and technical assistance to government officials and local stakeholders to enhance their understanding of HLP rights, legal frameworks, and redress mechanisms. These trainings will integrate negotiation and conflict mediation techniques, equipping stakeholders with tools through which to address potential grievances around HLP and foster greater inter-community collaboration.  

Through these capacity-strengthening efforts, IOM seeks to support the government and community actors in creating sustainable systems for managing HLP rights, mitigating related conflicts, and contributing to the long-term resilience of displacement-affected communities.    

IOM will collaborate with the Government of Chad and other stakeholders to develop a comprehensive national migration policy. Through the policy, IOM seeks to:

• Strengthen Chad's migration governance via a whole-of-government and whole-of-society approach to promote well-coordinated migration management  across sectors. Aligned with international standards– and utilizing recommendations from the 2023 Migration Governance Indicator exercise – the national migration policy will integrate gender-sensitive considerations to address the unique dynamics of migration experiences for women, men, and gender-diverse individuals. 
  • Within the national migration policy, facilitate rights-based approaches to address  the distinct vulnerabilities and protection concerns of migrants, particularly those at heightened risk, such as unaccompanied children, survivors of trafficking, and individuals affected by forced displacement. This includes integrating access to essential services, safeguarding human rights, and promoting the socioeconomic inclusion of migrants in host communities.  

In addition to supporting the creation of a national migration policy:

• Providing technical assistance and capacity-strengthening support to government ministries involved in migration management. This will include operationalizing migration data-collection tools previously developed to promote the mainstreaming of migration considerations, including displacement, into frameworks. These efforts will enable the development of data-informed and evidence-based policies and processes to facilitate improved outcomes for people on the move, including crisis-affected populations.  

IOM Chad will foster social cohesion and promote peacebuilding initiatives within communities affected by VEOs, displacement, or other crises. Interventions will focus on:   

• Inclusive community-based planning, dialogue platforms, and peacebuilding initiatives aiming to reduce tensions and preventing conflict (ensuring the active participation of women, youth and all population groups).   

• Supporting the Government of Chad in developing and implementing national strategies to achieve peace and foster long-term transitions toward development. These strategies will adopt bottom-up and participatory approaches to address the root causes of conflict. 

• Providing technical and direct assistance, including MHPSS services, for supporting reintegration pathways for former associates of armed groups, as part of the DDRR process, as well as part of the Government of Chad’s commitments within the Doha Peace agreement. This includes policy and capacity strengthening support to ensure the relevant strategies, legal and operational frameworks are in place, as well as activities to support the operationalization of these processes with community engagement at its core. 

IOM will collaborate with the government and communities to enhance adaptive strategies, preventing and reducing the impact of climate-related disasters. Theses initiatives will focus on:

• Mobilizing its expertise  to support disaster risk management actors to prevent and respond to natural hazards. This will include building the preparedness and resilience capacities of communities to climatic shocks, including through the improved availability of early warning systems, particularly for mobile communities.  
• Strengthening the ability of local authorities and communities to prepare for, prevent, and respond quickly to disasters and resource conflicts caused by climate change, such as unpredictable rainfall and future mass displacement. IOM will also reinforce community infrastructures, including installing drainage systems and rehabilitating shelters to be fire-resistant to enable communities to better mitigate and/or adapt to future hazards. 
• Supporting the Government of Chad in mainstreaming human mobility in its national climate and disaster reduction policies) as well as in its efforts to integrate human mobility in the policy dialogue on loss and damage to linked to unavoidable and irreversible impacts of climate change. 

IOM will support vulnerable TCNs in Chad to return to their countries of origin on a voluntary basis. Movement assistance will be provided to individuals in humanitarian situations, including those who previously resided in Sudan and were forcibly displaced to Chad due to the ongoing conflict, as well as TCNs expelled from Libya into Chad. Additionally, support will be extended to migrants who have been residing in Chad for an extended period and now find themselves in crisis due to underlying vulnerabilities or changing circumstances. 

Movement assistance includes pre departure, transit and post arrival assistance as required: 

• Pre departure activities include medical and protection screenings in coordination with protection and health colleagues, accommodation in IOM transit centre, consular and documentation support.  

• All domestic, international and post arrival transport assistance.  

IOM will continue to partner with Chadian authorities to improve access to legal identity documents for Chadian nationals returning from Sudan. This will include: 

• Conducting advocacy and awareness-raising among local authorities and returnee communities on the importance of identity documents along with the procedures on how to obtain them.  

• Assessing registration tools, software, and infrastructure to identify potential infrastructure upgrades and best practices to enhance the functioning of civil registration systems.  

These interventions aim to enhance returnees’  access to essential services  and facilitate their participation in social, economic, and political life.