In line with the Kenya Cash Working Group recommendations and in coordination with other cash response actors, to cover flood affected populations' basic needs and the transportation costs to move to safety or return home, IOM will: 

• Undertake vulnerability assessments and conduct a baseline survey, CBI feasibility assessment, including risk and market assessments.
• Provide unconditional multipurpose cash assistance to registered beneficiaries in flood affected locations
• Conduct local market monitoring 
• Conduct post-distribution monitoring (PDM) to assess the efficiency and effectiveness of assistance provided
• Conduct capacity strengthening on cross-cutting issues, including AAP, GBV, PSEAH, and CFMs

Additionally, to support migrants transiting along the Southern Route, IOM will: 

• Provide assistance to respond to basic needs including clothes, sanitary dignity kits for women and girls, food, child friendly nutrition supplements as necessary.
• Provide temporary shelters  and access to basic medical care. 

For returning distressed migrants from the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, IOM Kenya will: 

• Provide reception assistance.
• Provide basic medical care and temporary shelter where necessary. 

In direct health support, IOM Kenya will strengthen health systems through: 

• Support to migrants in distress to access primary health care services
• Training for migrant community health providers

In response to newly reported cases of cholera and other waterborne, communicable disease outbreaks as a result of the MAM floods, and to pre-emptively reduce disease spread and outbreaks, and in coordination with WASH activities, IOM will:

• Support and strengthen access to healthcare services through mobile clinics and primary health interventions 
• Provide technical assistance through community engagement utilizing medical professionals and community health promoters (CHPs)
• Conduct public health information campaigns utilizing the media and print, distributing information, education, and communication materials for risk communication community campaigns. 
• Strengthen healthcare surveillance and referral systems
• Distribute health commodities, supplies, and vaccines

Migrants may experience high levels of distress and mental health issues resulting from displacement and the hardships faced during their journeys, including exposure to violence, loss of loved ones, and uncertainty about their future. Mental health and psychosocial support are critical to address their emotional well-being. To assist these populations, IOM will: 

• Provide mental health and psychosocial support services to vulnerable migrants, including referral services, through counselling, sensitization and increased awareness of psychoeducation and MHPSS needs and services, utilization of support groups and peer-to-peer programs and conducting psychological first aid (PFA). 
• Mainstream MHPSS components in response plans and activities to ensure the mental health of migrants and displaced persons is catered for.
• Build the capacity of community and household leaders, healthcare workers and government officials on MHPSS support needs and operations for migrants and displaced persons. This is done through trainings, workshops, and use of mass media and information, education, and communication (IEC) materials to raise awareness of the importance of MHPSS.

Children and women are especially vulnerable to exploitation, abuse, and even separation from their families. IOM Kenya will offer general protection and referral services for the vulnerable migrants during the course of displacement and crisis. To do so, IOM will:  

• Provide referral services 
• Provide legal support services to be undertaken through partners 
• Provide shelter services 
• Provide psychosocial support 
• Provide health services (includes hospital admission)  

Kenya is experiencing recurrent drought and floods. To reduce the impact of climate-related hazards that severely affect the most vulnerable population, IOM Kenya will:

• Provide safe and clean water 
• Support the sustainable access to safe water through infrastructure support-rehabilitation and construction, repair and upgrade of water supply facilities.
• Strengthen governance structures for WASH in the communities including capacity building on operations and maintenance for newly installed or rehabilitated infrastructure.
• Support sanitation and hygiene promotion, including provision of latrines, hygiene kits, community awareness raising by promoting social behavioural change and other health promotion activities, in coordination with the WASH sector and health team, to contain the spread of water-borne diseases.

Kenya remains one of the most vulnerable countries in the EHoA for natural hazards and disasters intensified by climate change, with 23 counties especially prone to drought and flooding. During these crises, migrants often face dire circumstances, including exposure to extreme weather conditions, overcrowded and unsanitary detention centres, and/or makeshift shelters. To address this issue, IOM, in collaboration with the government, partners, and service providers, aims to ensure equitable access to safe, dignified, and adequate shelter and essential household supplies, and will:

• Promote and implement activities related to the protection and/or improvement of the physical standards of living of affected populations in the immediate, medium, and longer term including in their individual dwellings and the settlements in which they live.
• Support the government to launch the National Shelter Strategy, which has been drafted in 2023.
• Provide in-kind shelter and essential non-food household items for flood-affected and displaced populations, returnees, and host communities
• Strengthen Shelter Sector coordination and provide strategic and technical guidance to sector partners as sector co-lead
• Mainstream protection, accountability to affected populations, prevention of sexual exploitation and abuse, and prevention and mitigation of risks of gender-based violence in the shelter response
• Manage a complaints and feedback mechanism (CFM)
• Conduct post-distribution monitoring to assess beneficiary satisfaction and project effectiveness and efficiency

IOM will build the capacity of border officials to improve their preparedness and establish adequate response mechanisms to protect nationals and foreigners crossing the border at times of humanitarian crises.

IOM’s support will cover three stages of intervention. 

Pre-crisis, IOM will: 

• Conduct assessments and analysis on humanitarian border management (HBM) capacity; situational context; and the legal framework for human rights
• Establish standard operating procedures, early warning systems and inter-agency planning
• Provide training and capacity-building

In crisis, IOM will: 

• Conduct registrations and collect data on migration movements
• Screen, identify and refer vulnerable people
• Conduct evacuation/search-and-rescue operations 
• Train and assist via rapid mobile intervention teams and other forms of mobile assistance
• Procure mobile registration and communications equipment
• Provide emergency consular services and assistance in readmission and return of third-country nationals.

Post crisis, IOM will: 

• Conduct assessments on the impact of HBM interventions
• Restore infrastructure
• Provide integration or return programmes;
• Maintain secure but protection-sensitive borders

Through the Displacement Tracking Matrix (various components including but not limited to Mobility Tracking and Multi-Sectoral Location Assessment, Solution and Mobility Index and Transhumance Tracking Tools will be deployed), IOM Kenya will: 

• Deploy the relevant DTM tools in various drought, flood, and disaster-impacted counties to assess the human mobility dynamics, including the multi-sectoral needs of the host and mobile population groups.
• Analyse, report and disseminate the collected data with state and non-state actors working across the humanitarian-development-peace nexus to support stakeholders with context-specific information on the mobile population groups to strengthen the evidence-based decision-making process.

Evidence gathered by DTM will play a crucial role in bridging the information gap regarding the scale and scope of human mobility in the context of climate change. This evidence will shed light on the specific needs, risks, and vulnerabilities faced by mobile populations, facilitating their inclusion in local and national response plans, as well as informing longer-term policy development. By leveraging DTM data, stakeholders can ensure that responses to displacement and mobility challenges are evidence-based and tailored to the unique circumstances of affected populations. 

IOM Kenya will:

• Provide emergency preparedness services and trainings to the host communities in the hot spot areas with adaptation skills, tools and knowledge. 
• Support the government in contingency planning, risk mapping and implementation of the plan 
• Develop minimum preparedness actions to establish a minimum level of preparedness
• Advocate for prepositioning of stock for life saving assistance.
• Support the communities under risk of emergencies in strengthening gender-based violence risk mitigation skills and knowledge.
• Build capacity of local authorities to respond to emergencies along with comprehension and knowledge on migrants in line with IOM’s guidelines on Migrants in Countries and Crisis (MICIC)
• Contribute to inter-agency efforts for preparedness and anticipatory actions, to increase a comprehensive humanitarian response to displacements, including humanitarian border management efforts for border authorities  
• Conduct awareness sessions and capacity building of local authorities 
• Organize capacity-building and awareness sessions for the host community on returnees and migrants to enhance the knowledge and to mitigate potential risks of violence and others within the community;  
• Hold awareness-raising sessions for local communities and authorities on age, gender and disabilities to increase knowledge and enhance the inclusion of marginalized groups in emergency preparedness and response initiatives. 

IOM supports affected communities (displaced, returned and host communities) in Kenya to address vulnerabilities caused by disasters resulting from natural hazards or resource-based conflicts, ethnic/communal conflicts, and violent extremism. IOM Kenya will collaborate with relevant government ministries to address the vulnerabilities of the target communities in Kenya. IOM will: 

• Support sustainable, diversified livelihoods, provide reintegration assistance to returnees (recruited by violent extremist groups) vulnerable and at-risk youth of radicalization and recruitment to violent extremism and economic empowerment activities for affected communities to improve their socioeconomic conditions with a particular emphasis on the socioeconomic empowerment of marginalized groups, such as women and youth. Through this activity, marginalized group members will gain access to items to start small scale business and receive training to sustain their businesses. 
• Promote social cohesion among community and warring ethnic groups for sustainability and peaceful coexistence through the implementation of activities such as dialogue sessions, peace events (sports and theatrical) and the implementation of community led infrastructure repair and refurbishment projects. 
• Provide community-based employment opportunities for community members affected by conflicts or at-risk of the influences of violent extremism in partnership with small business enterprises (SMEs), including inter- and intra-community peace dialogues, youth and women accountability forums, strengthening local peace networks and other capacity-building on conflict mitigation and management.  
   

Migrants returning to Kenya lack the necessary inputs to successfully sustain themselves and families economically. IOM will seek to assist returning migrants in Kenya on economic recovery as well as the vulnerable communities to address possibility of the youths selecting irregular migration pathways in search of livelihoods and income. In addition, Kenya is prone to prolonged drought and flooding due to the worsening effects of climate change which threatens the communities of forced displacements, especially in the ASAL areas of Kenya. To respond to these needs, IOM will:  

• Conduct assessments to identify necessary livelihood support, including accessible market assessment, mapping and inventory in support of the identified livelihoods and value chains in the target locations. 
• Provide livelihood support towards the recovery of communities affected by climate induced disasters.  
• Provide livelihood diversification support for host communities affected by impacts of climate change such as drought or floods.  
• Provide individual and group economic recovery projects, entrepreneurship training, and enabling accessibility to financial resources for vulnerable returnees to help them assimilate into and become productive members of their communities, while addressing the root causes of irregular migration and associated vulnerabilities. 

IOM Kenya will support the strengthening of healthcare systems and will: 

• Refurbish select primary health care facilities.
• Build capacity of health professionals, including on referral mechanisms, outbreak preparedness and response (including related to mpox), and pathways for mental health cases. 
• Provide supplies and commodities
• Reinforce the referral system
• Support digitalization capacities and strengthen capacity of health workers
• Deploy a mobile clinic in coordination with the available facilities to reach communities and individuals on the move. 

IOM will also provide support at points of entry and along the mobility corridor to strengthen the surveillance systems, which need to be bolstered during disease outbreaks such as mpox. IOM will: 

• Conduct population mobility mapping (including flow monitoring at POCs and POEs to inform on public health preparedness)
• Conduct health screening activities, health promotion, and risk communication and community engagement. 
• Provide supervisory support for disease surveillance at the community level, targeting outbreak and diseases of public health concern while strengthening the medical referral pathway. 

IOM will provide mental health and psychosocial support including psychological first aid (PFA) to migrants in transit and return settings who need support due to the hardship of the mobility process and adverse drivers of mobility. This support will be given on a one-on-one basis as well as in focus group settings. In particular, IOM will:

• Integrate MHPSS in the screening of migrants in transit
• Provide MHPSS to these vulnerable groups
• Hold discussion forums with community members to increase awareness and sensitization on the MHPSS conditions and needs of migrants in transit.
• Use multiple means of IEC to spread transit-friendly messages targeting MHPSS components of coping, including radio messaging, posters and public addresses

Kenya is prone to conflicts due to lack of natural resources especially in the ASALs. To ease the tension in the conflict-prone areas, IOM will:

• Conduct relevant peacebuilding capacity development activities to build and strengthen social cohesion with community leaders on conflict mitigation and prevention, as well as on conflict management and resolution.
• Strengthen existing peace committees and local peacebuilding networks through capacity building interventions with members and community leaders to reduce communal tensions and prevent conflicts, including the formation of local peace committees and peacebuilding networks promoting social cohesion and trust building among communities.
• Support the government and CSOs in conducting community-based events promoting social cohesion (i.e. sports and theatrical events, road shows, among others engaging youth highlighting peacebuilding key messages).

For WASH support under transitional and post-crisis situations, IOM Kenya will:

• Strengthen sustainable access to water including solarized water supply infrastructure.
• Strengthen governance structures for WASH in the communities including capacity building on operations, care, and maintenance for newly installed or rehabilitated WASH infrastructure.
• Provide hygiene kits along with hygiene and health promotion activities, including provision and upgrading of necessary sanitation and hygiene facilities (latrines, water piping, water kiosks, among others) in coordination with the WASH and health sectors, to contain the spread of water-borne diseases.

As preparedness and risk reduction measures, IOM Kenya will:

• Provide water infrastructure support through the construction, repair and upgrade of water supply facilities.
• Strengthen governance structures for WASH in the communities including capacity building on operations and maintenance for newly installed or rehabilitated infrastructure.

To bolster adaptation and disaster risk reduction efforts, IOM Kenya will implement activities designed to strengthen resilience to droughts, floods, and extreme heat, focusing on high-risk communities and those impacted by natural hazards. Specific interventions will include:

• Conduct comprehensive community-based disaster risk reduction and management capacity building in the most climate-vulnerable counties of Garissa, Turkana, Wajir, Mandera, Tana River, Baringo, West Pokot, Marsabit, Isiolo, Samburu, and Nairobi. This will involve participatory risk assessments, training on preparedness and response, and the development of community-led action plans.
• Build knowledge management capacity within government response mechanisms to ensure effective data collection, analysis, and dissemination of information related to disaster risk reduction. This will facilitate informed decision-making and coordinated action.
• Map hazardous areas and conduct targeted awareness-raising campaigns in disaster-prone communities. These campaigns will focus on educating communities about risks associated with disasters, promoting preventative practices, and fostering community-led risk mitigation measures.
• Implement community-based early warning systems to enable early detection of climate change impacts and facilitate timely responses. This will involve establishing communication networks, training community members on monitoring and reporting, and developing evacuation plans.
• Enhance government capacity in disaster risk reduction policies and strategies, as well as protection measures. This will include technical support, training, and capacity building initiatives aimed at integrating disaster risk reduction into development planning and enhancing the government's ability to mitigate and respond to climate-related disasters.