Cash-based assistance will be used to provide ad hoc and urgent assistance to highly vulnerable households affected by protracted and sudden displacement, those who are facing multiple urgent needs, those affected by sudden and unplanned camps and informal site closure, and vulnerable returnees as a temporary measure to respond to their most urgent needs. IOM will:

• Provide multi-purpose cash assistance (MPCA), in line with the principles of the Iraq Cash Forum (ICF), to vulnerable households, which can be used to cover their basic needs and to reduce negative coping mechanisms. Unconditional MPCA is based on the Survival Minimum Expenditure Basket (SMEB) of a household in Iraq living near or below the poverty line, composed of expenses related to housing, food, health, transport, fuel, and water; 
• Provide emergency cash assistance (ECA), especially for those with multiple needs and to cope with unforeseen shocks. IOM will provide one-off cash support for the most vulnerable households in secondary displacement affected by camp consolidation and closures or other emergency situations, and potentially those newly displaced due to an emergency event.

In close coordination with the government and with partners providing assistance to IDPs in camps, out-of-camp settlements, and host communities, IOM will provide CCCM support to displaced populations. Specifically, IOM will:  

• Provide camp management support to government camp management actors, if applicable, facilitating coordination with service providers, partners, IDP community representatives, and authorities in Jeddah 1 camp;
• Provide CCCM training to local authorities, CCCM partners and the displaced population;
• Provide mobile camp management and camp management support to informal displacement sites;  
• Establish and maintain governance and inclusive community participation structures in supported sites, through inclusive community consultations;
• Ensure maintenance and upgrade infrastructure in sites to maintain minimum safety and living standards;
• Implement necessary infrastructure and shelter upgrades for disability access and inclusion;
• Promote community-based risk mitigation and infrastructure work, such as clean-up campaigns, drainage maintenance, and rubble clearance through a cash-for-work (CfW) (known in Iraq as EPW: employment for public works) approach;
• Monitor and coordinate with service providers in the area and implement protection risk reduction;
• Enhance information-sharing, coordination, and referral of needs to humanitarian and transition partners for populations in out-of-camp locations, particularly in informal sites;
• Establish and run inclusive and accessible Accountability, Information, Feedback, and Referral Mechanisms across all locations; conduct service tracking, needs analysis, and referrals to facilitate returns and durable solutions programming for protracted IDP populations;
• Maintain coordination with governmental and other partners, and as such, work with authorities and humanitarian and transition actors to advocate for planned and principled camp closure and consolidation processes, to ensure voluntary and informed decisions by IDPs; 
• Facilitate the access of IDPs in out-of-camp settings, including in informal sites, collective centres, and host communities, to durable solutions through intentions and barriers mapping, facilitating focus group discussions (FGDs) and peace-building dialogues, and creating linkages with durable solutions (DS) actors and actively participating in DS fora to address site evictions and discuss alternative sheltering solutions.

IOM will support the provision of comprehensive primary health care services to IDPs in camps. IOM will:

• Deliver primary health care services in camps through the provision of staff, medical supplies and equipment, and by offering transportation services for non-emergency and emergency cases;
• Provide treatment of acute illnesses, immunization, reproductive and maternal and child health, and management of non-communicable diseases, preparing for and responding to disease outbreaks in camp settings;
• Implement health promotion activities and establishing referral systems for individuals requiring specialized care, including survivors of GBV, those facing protection issues or in need of MHPSS services; 
• Support preparedness and response to diseases of outbreak potential, such as Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF), leishmaniasis, and cholera, through trainings and capacity-building for frontline healthcare providers, and prepositioning contingency stocks of essential commodities, such as personal protective equipment (PPE), infection prevention and control (IPC) supplies, and essential drugs. 
   

IOM will provide MHPSS services to vulnerable populations including IDPs and communities in situations of protracted displacement, and community members in communities with limited access to MHPSS services. IOM’s support will cover populations affected by sudden displacement due to disasters including climate change-related disasters, among others, with a focus on services that ensure a strengthened protection environment in the community and facilitate recovery from adversity by promoting dignity and agency among vulnerable populations. MHPSS services will be provided based on the IOM Manual on Community-Based Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in Emergencies and Displacement, and the IASC Guidelines on MHPSS in Emergency Settings. IOM will:

• Address the MHPSS needs of individuals, families, and groups returning from displacement areas outside of Iraq during their transit in camps and when returning to their areas of origin;
• Facilitate access to MHPSS services and other measures, ensuring that social considerations and the safety of beneficiaries are taken into account in service provision. Services provided aim at mitigating and preventing negative mental health and psychosocial consequences resulting from the difficult living conditions of IDPs in situations of protracted displacement and returnees living in areas with severe conditions and lack of services and opportunities;
• Strengthen family and community support through group-based socio-relational, cultural, sport, creative and art-based activities. Build rapport with communities, helping to reach out to vulnerable persons requiring further assistance, who would otherwise not have approached services;
• Provide focused MHPSS services (individual and group counselling), to support vulnerable IDPs, returnees, and host communities;
• Provide psychiatric and clinical psychological consultations to people with preexisting and/or emerging forms of severe mental health conditions.
   

IOM will provide protection support to individuals and communities with heightened vulnerabilities and at risk of violations. This includes survivors of gender-based violence (GBV) and trafficking in persons (TiP) as well as IDPs and host community members affected by protracted displacement across Iraq. Protection services are also provided to returnees from abroad, stranded migrants in host or transit countries and third-country nationals in Iraq. IOM protection services are provided on individual, community and institutional levels. 

Protection at the individual level includes:

• GBV case management, using a survivor-centred and strength-based approach;
• TiP case management, according to IOM’s determinants of migrant vulnerability (DoMV) model;
• Comprehensive case management approach for returnees from abroad and returnee IDPs, aiming to support their sustainable reintegration in areas of origin;
• Referrals to cover multisectoral services and decrease the level of vulnerability with close follow-up by IOM case workers.

Protection at the community level includes:

• Provide information services on protection services through awareness campaigns and helpdesks;
• Support community-based protection initiatives that acknowledge community members as right holders with entitlements and active agents in bringing about change to their communities;
• Undertake long-term GBV response programming including GBV mitigation and response measures aiming to address the root causes of GBV and include men and boys' engagement and women's empowerment in economic, social and political spheres;
• Operate women and girls' safe spaces and community centres, which help in building community networks of support;
• Support community-based reintegration assistance in communities of high return following international migration through initiatives that support community networks and conditions for sustainable reintegration;
• Engage with CSOs and local NGOs through increasing partnerships and building actor capacity on protection interventions.

Protection at the institutional level includes:

• Engage with the GoI through capacity-building on protection themes to strengthen understanding and coordination with relevant governmental counterparts. This includes identifying and strengthening referral pathways;
• Conduct protection monitoring and advocacy to support evidence-based programming and advocate with governmental and non-governmental actors on protection priorities and needs of affected populations according to established coordination forum and mechanisms; 
• Continue coordination and advocacy efforts as the co-chair of the UN Network on Migration and its TiP and return and reintegration working groups, as well as the inter-agency PSEA network, and as a member of the human rights and protection platform core group.

In line with IOM’s Policy on the Full Spectrum of Return, Readmission and Reintegration, IOM provides movement assistance to stranded migrants in host or transit countries, including migrants in vulnerable situations such as VoT, unaccompanied and separated children, and migrants with health-related needs, in coordination with local authorities, which will include to:

• Provide comprehensive case management and protection services including necessary assistance such as pre-departure, and return, as well as reception and reintegration support. 

As related to protection mainstreaming and protection from sexual exploitation, sexual abuse and sexual harassment (PSEAH), IOM will: 

• Continue to ensure protection mainstreaming across IOM Iraq teams and partners through technical guidance, joint development of tools and training linked to data protection, gender mainstreaming, child safeguarding, GBV risk mitigation, diversity and inclusion, and CFM. PSEAH remains a key priority at the highest level within IOM. IOM Iraq will continue to ensure a robust approach to PSEAH through a dedicated PSEAH focal point who supports the mission to prevent and respond to sexual misconduct through collaboration with the PSEA Network, continued training to staff and partners and increased communications with the affected population through awareness sessions and IEC material.

On child safeguarding, IOM will:

• Increase efforts on child safeguarding to ensure that IOM’s staff conduct and programming are safe and inclusive for all children. This will be done through establishing policy and practical guidance for operating teams.

To address GBV, IOM will:

• Continue to implement the IOM Iraq GBV action plan, in line with IOM’s Institutional Framework on Addressing GBV in Crisis, which aims to ensure that GBV is addressed comprehensively by mitigating risks, supporting survivors and addressing root causes as pertinent to the different pillars of operation. The action plan identifies priority actions to be implemented across the different IOM programming and operations in Iraq.

IOM’s shelter and non-food items (S-NFI) interventions will focus on populations in protracted displacement in out-of-camp locations, particularly in informal displacement sites, and those facing sudden displacement due to natural or man-made causes. Assistance may also be provided to returnees and members of return communities in locations with critical needs. Shelter needs have increased due to the closure of camps.

For shelter, IOM will:

• Provide critical shelter upgrades where IDPs are displaced in unfinished transitional locations or locations not intended to serve as shelters, such as public buildings, schools, mosques and other makeshift shelters. The shelter response will aim at significantly improving safety, security and privacy for targeted IDPs; 
• Improve and dignify living conditions for the families; light rehabilitation will focus on shelters in informal settlements that need essential repairs to grant safety, privacy, and protection from weather conditions. This intervention modality will be implemented in parallel with critical upgrades based on each site assessment, and serve the purpose of rationalizing efficiency by helping more people with fewer resources;
• Provide sealing-off kits (SOKs), which are designed to provide families with an essential package of items to seal their living space as quick relief, short-term shelter solutions, especially to protect from harsh weather conditions. While SOKs are not intended to provide the same level of assistance as a full-scale rehabilitation project, they can already assist as part of a longer, incremental approach where more durable interventions will be obtained over time. The SOK package contains a range of shelter and WASH items, which are based on the needs identified by each family, as supported by IOM’s qualified staff, making the intervention flexible and adapted to the needs and context. SOKs will be distributed using the in-kind modality.

For NFI, IOM will:

• Provide basic NFI kits to cover essential needs through in-kind assistance and vouchers for the purchase of basic NFI kits. This will be directed at vulnerable displaced households as a one-off support; 
• Provide replacement items targeting the IDP households who have received NFI assistance in the past, but require additional support to replace used, damaged, lost items, or items that they were not able to bring with them during secondary displacement following camp closures or other sudden displacements. These replacement items usually are covered by the distribution of vouchers.

IOM will continue to support GoI’s Emergency Preparedness and Response plans to address urgent humanitarian needs that might arise with the onset of the emergency. This includes support to contingency planning based on most likely scenario, prepositioning of core relief items, identification of safe humanitarian facilities including sites and warehouses, capacity-building support through trainings, development of standard operating procedures (SOPs) and guidance documents in addition to support with information and data management, tools, and assets as needed. IOM will:

• Provide short-term emergency preparedness interventions to ensure operational readiness through pre-positioning efforts and operational  emergency evacuation centres; 
• Provide support to the GoI through enhanced information and data management systems as part of emergency preparedness; 
• Support capacity-building of government officials and communities in emergency preparedness and response through trainings, tools, guidance documents and logistical support;
• Support in prepositioning of core relief items. 

As of 2023, IOM continues to be one of the main providers of reliable data on displacement, returns, mobility (both climate-related and others) and migration in Iraq. IOM DTM tools and processes allow IOM and partners to track the locations of IDPs and returnees, and assess their living conditions to assist IOM and other stakeholders in the durable solutions landscape to implement evidence-based, informed programmatic activities, in line with the recommendations of the Data for Solutions to Internal Displacement (DSID) Taskforce. In addition, IOM’s DTM team will continue providing the necessary information for emergency, recovery, and crisis prevention programming. IOM’s main needs and activities proposed for the upcoming period are: 

• Prepare and deploy Rapid Assessment and Response Teams (RARTs) to collect data on displacement in targeted locations across the country;
• Disseminate information and thematic reports on the number of IDPs and returnees at the governorate, district, subdistrict and location levels, their shelter type, the period of displacement, areas of origin for IDPs, areas of last displacement for returnees, assess barriers to return, progress towards the integration of IDPs and reintegration of returnees, and an overview on the severity of living conditions in areas of return and displacement, among others, for improved programming;
• Maintain flow monitoring activities in targeted border points in the country to collect data and produce analytical reports on migration movements with neighbouring countries, focusing, among others, on protection risks and concerns among travellers passing through the monitored border crossing points;
• Produce data and analytical reports to enhance an understanding of the scope and impact of climate change and environmental migration in Iraq, with a particular focus on climate-induced displacement (in Southern governorates) and climate vulnerability (in the Kurdistan region);
• Produce ad hoc Emergency Tracking reports, providing timely data on the number of individuals displaced due to emerging crises such as drought, floods, or other man-made events; 
• Expand IOM’s “Progress Towards Durable Solutions” Household Survey to sixteen new governorates in the country: Anbar, Babylon, Baghdad, Basrah, Dohuk, Diyala, Erbil, Kerbala, Kirkuk, Missan, Muthanna, Najaf, Qadissiya, Sulaymaniyah, Thi-Qar, and Wassit. The survey will collect data that in turn will measure overall progress in durable solutions in these governorates, specifically concerning return rates, persistent barriers of return per governorate, and overall progress in return and reintegration in each location.

In line with the S.G. Action Agenda on Internal Displacement, a series of structural reforms are required in the 15 pilot countries. As the mandate enters its final year in 2024, IOM Iraq will continue working closely with partners to support the roll-out of the Durable Solutions Roadmap for the UNCT and the Government of Iraq (drafted in 2023 in an effort spearheaded by the RCO with close support from IOM), along with accompanying the development of an implementation strategy and financing plan that are equipped with a coordination structure on durable solutions. This will allow both the UNCT and the Government of Iraq to address core policy and administrative areas and to pilot new approaches to accelerate Iraq's efforts to address issues of protracted displacement in an organized, coordinated manner. Funds will be used to help finalize the DS Roadmap and the implementation strategy, establish and maintain coordination arrangements, and support the establishment of a financing framework for solutions in Iraq. Furthermore, resources requested in the above lines of the 2024 CRP will play an instrumental role in advancing the action plan.  

IOM’s community stabilization programming will continue to address drivers of instability at the community level to prevent the country from backsliding into conflict, establish foundations for longer-term recovery, and reduce the drivers of forced migration. IOM will focus on communities of origin and return, and will directly contribute to facilitating returns, relocation and reintegration by addressing the main barriers to safe and sustainable returns and supporting IDPs, especially those remaining in informal sites and wishing to return, and returnees in achieving durable solutions.

IOM's durable solutions strategy aims at providing means to IDPs to sustainably resolve their displacement and thrive in their community of return or relocation by looking at the root causes of displacement. The main components will be the restoration of basic rights, helping vulnerable populations to access public services and promoting inclusivity of public services, promoting nonviolent resolution of conflicts, encouraging continued community engagement and policing (CEP) approaches, and facilitating safe and durable (re)integration. IOM will:

• Strengthen government capacities to perform core functions and bring relevant government entities together with communities in a way that increases participatory decision-making, strengthens mutual trust, and builds accountability; 
• Promote social cohesion and enable communities to manage local conflicts and promote a culture of peace, especially through empowering youth to participate in society in a productive, constructive and peaceful manner, and fostering community reconciliation;
• Promote non-violent political processes, civic education, social policy development, and support inclusive economic recovery. Specifically, IOM will work with community members, groups and civil society organizations to identify and co-design a range of activities that support the engagement of vulnerable or marginalized groups, specifically youth and women, in political processes, local policy development and community development initiatives. Activities will leverage local connectors, such as shared history and heritage, artistic traits and volunteerism, and encourage interaction between divergent community groups and recent returnees;
• Increase confidence in public institutions through community engagement in decision-making in the local safety and security dialogues and institutional capacity-building for the Community Policing (CP) department - Ministry of Interior (MoI) through training and strategic development to improve community safety and civic engagement;
• Increase access to basic public services, and support people in need of social protection, through direct support (transportation, accompaniment, interpretation, etc.) to access social welfare entitlements;
• Increase access to income for vulnerable communities through cash-for-work (CfW) and the graduation approach, which is a sequenced and time-bound intervention that aims to help people living in extreme poverty build resilience and engage in sustainable livelihoods, serving as an economic development intervention that targets families facing multiple levels of poverty and exclusion.
• Promote economic recovery and long-term sustainable work via private sector development through the Individual Livelihoods Assistance (ILA) Programme and the Enterprise Development Fund (EDF);
• Contribute to financial inclusion, through increased access to formal finance for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and individuals;
• Improve access to safe, dignified and sustainable housing;
• Under the Facilitated and Voluntary Movement (FVM) Programme, support IDPs to better able to make voluntary and informed decisions regarding their return or (re-)integration to their chosen location, including the provision of material assistance as well as information dissemination and awareness-raising to ensure informed decision-making processes to return / re-locate;
• Provide reintegration services to respond to the needs of returnees, IDPs and affected communities to support recovery and stabilization approaches by linking affected communities with key assistance services, particularly through the establishment and maintenance of community resource centres (CRCs) across key locations in the country;
• Support returnees with unresolved communal barriers in their return areas with tailored tribal engagement activities and case management for improving their resilience in their communities and addressing gaps towards reconciliation and durable solutions;
• Facilitate access to services, through the rehabilitation of key community infrastructure, including roads, markets, electricity grids and water networks, public buildings, health centres, schools or any other project benefiting both the community and its members and helping to resume economic activity; 
• Capacitate state and local governance, and promote non-violent political processes, civic education, and social policy development through community policing, tribal engagement activities, youth and women empowerment programmes; 
• Support research and assessments examining the efficacity of social cohesion programming, including the relevance of contact theory to facilitating inter-ethnic and -sectarian relations in regions with levels of social tensions, in addition to in-depth research on barriers to reintegration in tribal communities and supporting thematic research, reports and factsheets on durable solutions, protracted displacement, and sustainability of returns;
• Through DSTWG, develop tools and methodologies for private sector engagement in durable solutions in collaboration with the GoI; and develop tools and methodologies for inclusiveness in providing durable solutions. 

IOM will continue working with the government to strengthen the health system in Iraq, to facilitate access to quality essential care, with a focus on health facilities serving a high number of displaced populations and in areas of return, including:

• Scale up capacity-building of health workers on medical and non-medical topics to improve quality of care and responsiveness and conduct supportive supervision;
• Rehabilitate health facilities and provision of essential equipment and supplies to primary and secondary health care facilities;
• Strengthen MoH’s health promotion activities and expanding interventions designed to improve social cohesion in conflict-affected areas and areas of return and community-based health projects including community health services;
• Maintain support to the National Tuberculosis (TB) Program to reduce TB transmission in Iraq through improved detection and treatment of TB cases, including contact and defaulter tracing. This support includes conducting screening activities by IOM field staff and supporting referrals of TB cases, in addition to the procurement of medicine and medical equipment and supplies;
• Expand support for community-based surveillance, advocacy for the establishment of a national community-based surveillance system, and reinforcement of the national disease surveillance system;
• Support the implementation of the One Health approach at the regional and local levels; Conduct targeted health assessments and operational research to inform programme design and health system strengthening prioritization efforts for IOM Iraq; 
• Improve awareness on climate change-related health risks and support the development of a national public health adaptation plan and technical resources.

IOM will continue working to strengthen the national laboratory system through technical support and capacity-building to existing laboratories to ensure quality standards are met, including on biosafety and improving sample collection and transport systems.

Further, IOM will continue supporting the GoI in meeting the requirements of the International Health Regulations (2005) in line with the results of the Joint External Evaluation and through supporting the implementation of the National Action Plan for Health Security. IOM will:

• Strengthen local capacity for health emergency responses through improving disease surveillance, provision of equipment and prepositioning of supplies, and trainings;
• Train MoH personnel on population mobility mapping (PMM) and conducting population mobility mapping exercises at the national and sub-national levels. The PMMs will assist in identifying public health risks and capacities; 
• Support the development of emergency response plans and contingency plans at the local level.

To contribute to strengthening public health capacities at points of entry (PoEs), IOM will additionally:

• Conduct assessments of public health core capacities at PoEs;
• Train border health personnel on standard operating procedures for preventing, detecting, and managing public health risks; 
• Rehabilitate and undertake infrastructural upgrades to PoEs, especially WASH capacities and areas designated for public health personnel, assessments, and the provision of essential equipment.
   

With an expected increased number of IDPs returning or relocating, IOM will maintain its assistance related to housing, land and property (HLP) issues, including lost or destroyed official papers, houses being occupied by another household or other general needs for legal assistance, with the aim to remove barriers to return, improving access to public services, and supporting conditions that enable durable solutions to displacement. To complement the other interventions in facilitating safe, dignified and sustainable return and reintegration, IOM will:

• Provide direct legal assistance to obtain civil documentation, with a focus on IDPs for whom official papers were lost or destroyed during the conflict, members of households with perceived affiliations, and children born under ISIL occupation;
• Provide assistance to beneficiaries alongside housing-related interventions. Support includes both representation and information counseling and can be provided either through existing joint community-resource centres or in other forms adapted to the context of intervention and available administrative services;
• Improve access to safe, dignified, and sustainable housing, by engaging in housing rehabilitation and/or reconstruction through direct tendering by IOM; providing financial support to owners for rehabilitation purposes (owner-driven approach), providing rental assistance to beneficiaries in need of temporary solutions or who are subjected to urban displacement (rental assistance approach), and providing shelter solutions to populations displaced in urban settings, leveraging elements of urban and settlement planning, and capitalizing on IOM’s expertise on shelter rehabilitation;
• Build the capacity of civil society organizations and government partners, including the provision of policy guidance, expert advice, and technical assistance for civil, legal assistance, and HLP rights, including, but not limited to, restitution;
• Contribute to the work of the DSTWG sub-group on Housing and HLP.

IOM will continue supporting the overall economic recovery of Iraq with a specific focus on the provision of livelihood opportunities for displaced populations, returnees, and host community members. In partnership and coordination with the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs (MoLSA), IOM’s range of livelihood activities will include the following:

• Support micro-enterprises and SMEs that show potential for job creation through IOM Iraq’s EDF, providing grants to promising SMEs to facilitate business expansion and job creation;
• Implement Access to Finance (A2F) initiatives targeting SMEs, with aims of providing financial services to MSMEs in Iraq, as well as making SMEs more appealing to financial service providers and vice versa. IOM’s activities include the establishment of commitment-based savings plans, training sessions in record-keeping and banking, mentorship services, and business-to-business workshops, among others;
• Mainstream climate change in IOM’s range of livelihoods and economic recovery programming, including through the provision of specific business grants to green businesses and agricultural business in need of financial support to mitigate the impacts of desertification in Iraq.

Furthermore, IOM will continue implementing activities with the overarching goal of supporting short-term and long-term employability among targeted populations through an integrated approach, where IOM will:

• Increase sustainable livelihood opportunities, including through the implementation of, vocational, on-the-job, and business trainings, facilitated by the provision of ILA packages;
• Increase sustainable livelihood opportunities targeting extra vulnerable households, including through the provision of consumption grants, life skills trainings, and business support packages; 
• Quick injection of funds in assisted communities via CfW activities, targeting local projects of public interest such street cleaning, planting of trees, debris removal and debris recycling and other low-risk, low-complexity activities with a short implementation time;
• Expand economic reactivation, through the rehabilitation of economic infrastructure that complements local value chains, including roads, markets, agricultural initiatives, or any other project helping to resume economic activity. 

IOM will continue to provide complementary MHPSS support to local actors on the ground through the implementation of MHPSS activities and support at the individual, family and community levels, contributing to wider efforts to mend social fabrics and strengthen social cohesion in post-conflict Iraq. IOM will:

• Design and conduct trainings and provide comprehensive support to facilitate the integration of MHPSS in conflict transformation and mediation;
• Among other evolving areas and needs, focus on integration of MHPSS in livelihoods and development programmes, in line with IOM's Manual on Community-based Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in Displacement and Emergencies as guiding principles and the MHPSS and Livelihood Integration (MLI) Manual;
• Develop programme activities addressing the mental health and psychosocial consequences of climate change and extreme weather conditions in Iraq for risk mitigation;
• Expand MHPSS and livelihood programme activities to promote local (re)integration and to mitigate the negative consequences of conflict and to foster peacebuilding;
• Roll out targeted awareness-raising activities to de-stigmatize mental health needs and care in Iraq and to promote access to these services and social inclusion as a means of addressing drivers of conflict and promoting sustainable recovery and durable solutions; 
• Integrate MHPSS into other aspects of IOM’s Iraq’s programming and in line with the humanitarian-development-peace nexus (HDPN), for more durable outcomes. 

Further, IOM will continue to work with state and non-state actors to strengthen the MHPSS services offered to individuals, groups and communities, facing protracted displacement by supporting their mental health and wellbeing and preventing neurological or substance use disorders. IOM's MHPSS programme will:

• Support the government the operationalization of National Suicide Prevention Strategy (NSPS) and in following the plans for implementation;
• Contribute to supporting the health system's capacity to respond to the long-term mental health and psychosocial impacts of changes in psychosocial behaviors due to displacements and climate change among others, including through the provision of resources (such as medical supplies and psychotropic medicines) and training of health professionals;
• Support professional mental health associations and similar entities to improve the standards of care provided through training, capacity-building, supervision and providing platforms for the exchange of experiences to benefit from international expertise and standards in MHPSS, such as diaspora mobilization and professional exchange visits;
• Develop assessments and produce research regarding mental health and psychosocial consequences of climate change and extreme weather conditions, and other evolving areas in Iraq, providing recommendations for risk mitigation;
• Support the government of Iraq to integrate MHPSS programmes across the different levels of health care services delivery to ensure enhanced access to MHPSS care among vulnerable populations.

IOM will continue to integrate peacebuilding and peace promotion activities into its programming in Iraq. IOM will:

• Support government efforts to promote stability in areas that are struggling to absorb the large numbers of individuals who spontaneously disengaged with armed groups following the military defeat of ISIL and now require assistance to transition back to civilian life;
• Support families in ‘liberated’ areas with a perceived affiliation to extremist groups to access durable solutions, including through support that enables them to return to and reconcile with communities in areas of origin;
• Bolster community resilience to future waves of violent extremism in these locations through preventing violent extremism (PVE) programming, aligned with the National Strategy to Combat Violent Extremism Conducive to Terrorism and implemented in close cooperation with the Government of Iraq; 
• Support research into the causes and consequences of displacement of former combatants and persons with perceived affiliation and methods to facilitate their reintegration into society;
• Address tribal concerns and facilitate safe returns for households through targeted tribal and community mediation and dialogue to better understand and prepare for return and reintegration processes.

To support the recovery of conflict-affected governorates and contribute to the stability of communities, IOM will continue collaborating with governorate and district-level authorities to facilitate the following interventions:   

• Identify critical infrastructural needs and provide rehabilitation support to facilities such as water treatment plants, reverse osmosis (RO) stations and water and irrigation systems;
• Identify and rehabilitate key community water distribution networks in urban and rural areas to mitigate pressure on community resources and address potential sources of community tension and resource dispute;
• Engage in training and capacity-building activities aiming at developing the population's skills in the rural water sector; 
• Invest in the rehabilitation of water distribution systems and other structures impacted by the effects of climate change to tackle desertification/droughts and contribute to community resilience in resisting the impacts of changing climate patterns in Iraq. 

To support the establishment of key resource management systems and hence contribute to the resilience of conflict-affected governorates, stability of communities, and increment water availability and rational use, IOM will continue collaborating with governorate and district-level authorities to facilitate the following interventions: 

• When relevant, collaborate with research institutions to tailor and develop a replicable and systematized integrated water resources management (IWRM) methodology for climate change-affected areas across the country encompassing natural resources, and socioeconomic and institutional systems at the district/municipality levels;
• Roll out a spatial analysis of water and natural resources availability with water demands based on socioeconomic needs, with support to the development of water management plans at different administrative levels to assist government counterparts in engaging in rational water usage/distribution; 
• Replicate and/or scale-up the IWRM methodology and its subsequent capacity-building strategy, also focusing on women's role in the water governance decision-making.

Building on progress in Iraq at the policy level, IOM will:

• Continue supporting the GoI in implementing and operationalizing reparation laws (notably the Yazidi Survivors Law);
• Organize capacity-building workshops for government officials from the Federal Government of Iraq, the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI), and for CSOs and NGOs; 
• Advocate for the right to reparations through awareness-raising programming and information campaigns. This will include policy guidance, expert advice and technical support to governments and local and international stakeholders to promote the transparent delivery of individual and collective reparations measures.

IOM Iraq’s work on disaster risk reduction (DRR) will contribute to the government’s efforts to implement the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030. IOM’s DRR programme will develop strategies to reduce disaster risk and strengthen resilience, paying particular attention to at-risk communities, including displaced populations, and other vulnerable groups such as returnees, to prevent or reduce displacement through support for prevention and mitigation, risk governance and information, and strengthening resilience. With this aim, IOM will:

• Conduct hazard mapping and multi-hazard risk assessments;
• Expand efforts for data collection and analysis of impacts of disasters and climate change on displacement in the Southern and central parts of Iraq and extend to other affected areas;  
• Establish community-based disaster risk management committees and establish community-level early warning systems in collaboration with local governance councils, national hydro-meteorological organizations and the national disaster management authority;
• Support on evacuation management and relocation guideline development for communities impacted by climate change and disasters;
• Conduct dialogue initiatives with key government and non-government stakeholders such as NGOs on mobility, risks, and resilience;
• Support capacity-building of the government on risk-informed policies and strategies, including building knowledge of nature-based solutions as a means to prevent disasters/reduce the effects of disasters such as droughts and flash flooding, in addition to environmental sustainability plan/engagement on disaster loss accounting and reporting system capacity development.