IOM Libya will provide multi-sectorial assistance to meet migrants' basic needs along the Central Mediterranean Route.

IOM’s MRRM programme brings together under one mechanism a wide range of services and needs-based assistance for vulnerable migrants living in urban settings, especially in hard-to-reach locations where they have less access to services. To this end, IOM will:

• Conduct regular mobile outreach to migrant communities along the migratory routes in Libya to identify needs;
• Provide non-food items, hygiene kits and emergency food assistance, as well as medical services and mental health and psychosocial support sessions;
• Refer migrants to specialized protection services and to IOM’s Voluntary Humanitarian Return (VHR) programme which offers migrants the opportunity to return to their country of origin, following a rights-based approach;
• Conduct individual and group outreach sessions on the dangers and risks of irregular migration, as well as provide information on alternatives, disease control and prevention, and other available humanitarian services in Libya and their countries of origin.

IOM’s Search and Rescue Programme consists of a tailored mechanism to provide humanitarian assistance to migrants and support authorities to provide protection-oriented and human rights-based assistance to migrants upon rescue/interception at sea and disembarkation on the Libyan shores and to those rescued in the desert as well as those impacted by Storm Daniel To this end, IOM will:

• Provide life-saving equipment (life jackets, emergency blankets, first aid kits, buoys, body bags, operation suits, gloves and masks);
• Enhance the infrastructure of reception areas at disembarkation points through the establishment of clinics, water and sanitation infrastructure and to ensure safe reception areas;
• Provide fumigation, disinfection and cleaning services to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic and other communicable diseases;
• Provide humanitarian assistance to migrants upon arrival at disembarkation points including medical first aid and psychological support, food and non-food items, vulnerability screening, and referral for protection assistance for men, women and children;
• Enhance the capacity of government authorities, through delivering training on topics such as migration management, human rights, language training, information technology and data protection, and first aid. 
• To enhance the effectiveness of search and rescue operations in the areas affected by Storm Daniel, provide specialized equipment and deploy prefabricated emergency units to provide vital assistance to those in need.
• Following the onset of armed clashes in Sudan in mid-April, IOM stands ready to support with direct assistance measures related to cross-border movements. 

IOM’s humanitarian health interventions aim to increase access to primary health care services by promoting migrant-inclusive health systems and advocating for rights to health, to ensure that no one is left behind. To this end, IOM will:

• Provide primary health care services in detention centres, disembarkation points and urban settings as well as referrals to specialized health care in hospitals or private clinics;
• Conduct pre-departure medical screenings and fitness-to-travel (FTT) screenings for migrants who voluntarily chose to return to their country of origin through IOM's VHR programme;
• Provide mobile outreach services at multiple locations across Libya and expand medical outreach teams, especially in underserved areas.
• Following the onset of armed clashes in Sudan in mid-April, IOM stands ready to support with health assistance measures related to cross-border movements. 

As part of the Storm Daniel Emergency Response, 

• Conduct post-disaster needs assessment of most flood-affected municipalities to identify the immediate, medium-term, and long-term health needs, and prepare a plan of action to revive the health system. Provide primary healthcare services to IDPs and migrants by mobilizing multidisciplinary medical mobile teams to provide treatment, care and referral as necessary.
• Establish a referral mechanism for timely medical management for lifesaving, disability prevention and cases posing public health risk to prequalified and specialized health facilities.
•  Assist the Ministry of Health (MOH) and local authorities in establishing a surveillance network to conduct public health surveillance and risk assessment to control and prevent any possible disease outbreak. Integrate health and hygiene awareness activities to help in disease prevention and sensitize the high-risk displaced population to seek medical care for early detection.
• Support at least eleven health facilities in flood- affected locations, including the provision of human resources for health (HRH), including specialized and general practitioners, procurement and distribution of medicines, medical supplies and equipment, and refurbishment of health facility infrastructure including WASH refurbishments. IOM will also support four field temporarily established hospitals with medical supplies and equipment to enhance their capacity to continue service provision.

The MHPSS programme aims to empower communities and increase resilience, reduce suffering and promote psychosocial well-being, improve mental health and treat or prevent mental disorders, and enhance accessibility to MHPSS services to affected populations, migrants and Libyans alike. To this end, IOM will:

• Implement direct and remote MHPSS services through IOM psychosocial mobile teams (PMTs) to migrants and crisis-affected populations in Libya, facilitate referrals to specialized mental health care if needed and referrals of vulnerable migrants to basic needs and protection services. Direct MHPSS services include psychosocial awareness-raising sessions, basic counselling, support groups, art-based psychosocial activities, recreational activities, psychosocial assessments, psychoeducation, awareness raising on the psychosocial impact of COVID-19 and remote counselling through a helpline. MHPSS services will be provided in urban locations, migrants’ schools, disembarkation points following search and rescue operations, and detention centers;
• Organize MHPSS capacity-building activities targeting frontline actors, health staff and government officials (training on MHPSS in emergency and displacement, MHPSS response to COVID-19/pandemic settings, psychological first aid (PFA) and supportive communication); Trainings and workshops on integrating MHPSS into peacebuilding and integrating MHPSS into livelihoods.
• Provide comprehensive MHPSS to victims of trafficking (VoTs) and people suffering from psychological distress and mental health problems, due to their unique vulnerabilities experienced during displacement.
• Following the onset of armed clashes in Sudan in mid-April, IOM stands ready to support with MHPSS assistance related to cross-border movements. 

As part of the Storm Daniel Emergency Response,

• Provide MHPSS services to flood-affected populations at hosting sites, makeshift locations, and communities in northeastern areas, including through remote MHPSS assistance and remote counselling through the MHPSS helpline operating in the east.

   

IOM will provide lifesaving core relief items to affected populations with a particular focus on the most vulnerable individuals and families in the aftermath of disasters and displacements as well as to vulnerable migrants in detention centres and urban settings. In 2023, IOM will:

• Consult community representatives and local partners to identify the critical needs and needs of vulnerable groups in addition to carrying out targetted needs assessments to verify priorities;
• Distribute NFIs and hygiene kits to migrants and new IDPs. The kits will be gender-sensitive to ensure the needs of vulnerable groups are accounted for;
• Support returnees and migrants with the rehabilitation of damaged houses through the provision of in-kind assistance; female- children- and elderly- headed households will be prioritized in the response to ensure increased protection;
• Consult with communities and local authorities to collectively agree on places and times of distributions to ensure safety, security and accessibility;
• Ensure safe and confidential complaints and response mechanisms are in place to respond to any reported incidents of intimidation, violence and sexual exploitation;
• Conduct post-distribution monitoring to gauge beneficiary satisfaction, appropriateness and usefulness of supplies provided.
• Following the onset of armed clashes in Sudan in mid-April, IOM stands ready to support with the provision of NFIs in relation to the cross-border movements. 

 As part of the Storm Daniel Emergency Response,

• Provide flood-affected populations with access to safe and dignified shelter and settlements assistance in host communities and displacement settings. This includes shelter materials and comprehensive packages of essential household items and items to meet specific needs such as dignity kits. For those with seriously damaged or destroyed homes who have been forced to relocate, IOM will also provide emergency and transitional shelter solutions. 
• Work to ensure that crisis-affected households are protected and live in dignity in secure settlements that facilitate access to community/public services, infrastructure, and facilities, and support social cohesion, economic, and environmental quality of life as a community. Interventions at settlement level will be coordinated with other IOM technical sectors and relevant partners and stakeholders.

IOM supports strengthening the Libyan health system through targeted and need-based assistance including required equipment, medicines and supplies to selected health facilities and building the capacity of public health professionals, which is vital to address the critical challenges in the national health system that are both structural and systemic. To this end, IOM will:

• Improve access to life-saving and essential primary health care services through the provision of medical equipment and supplies to targeted primary and secondary health facilities that provide services to vulnerable migrants, IDPs, returnees and host communities;
• Organize capacity-building activities for health care workers on the complete package of primary health care, including case management of communicable diseases and specialized emergency medical services through the deployment of emergency medical teams;
• Support to the National Center for Disease Control to provide COVID-19 vaccinations to migrants in a fair and equitable manner and provide potential support such as cold-chain equipment, etc.;
• Support COVID-19 vaccination through microplanning, the provision of data on migrants (essential to develop vaccination plans), implementation of Risk Communication and Community Engagement campaigns, and training of health care professionals on vaccination;
• Facilitate coordination of partners' activities (e.g. capacity building, service provision, referral mechanisms) in order to avoid duplication and promote complementarity and synergies, as co-chair of the Migration Health Sub-Working Group (MH-SWG), in collaboration with the Ministry of Health (MOH).

The trend of return of IDPs to their places of origin and the resulting decrease in the number of people displaced observed since the mid-2020 ceasefire continues - 705,098 returnees have been identified in Libya as of October 2022, while 131,247 IDPs were also identified as still displaced by the end of October 2022. This accounts for a 69 per cent reduction in the number of people internally displaced in Libya since the peak displacement observed in June 2020 (when 425,714  IDPs were reported). Since mid-2020 IDPs have spontaneously returned to their places of origin because of the cessation of hostilities and improved security situation, indicating that a majority of those previously displaced have made progress along solutions pathways while those facing challenges related to damaged houses and infrastructure amongst other reasons preventing their return remain displaced, while several IDPs are also understood to have locally integrated.   

IOM works across the humanitarian-development-peace nexus to meet immediate needs while considering longer-term stabilization and socio-economic integration outcomes. In line with the SG Action Agenda on Internal Displacement, IOM will carry out the following activities, aiming to support sustainable solutions to displacement in Libya:

• DATA FOR SOLUTIONS TO INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT (DSID): IOM as co-chairs of Data Analysis and Assessment Working Group and convenor of a Libya level DSID taskforce will continue to provide data, analysis and reporting on internal displacement and solutions to displacement. Beyond IOM's provision of data, analysis and reporting, IOM will also implement activities aimed at building the capacity of national actors (such as the Libyan Bureau of Statistics and Census and Ministry of Displacement and Human Rights) on displacement and durable solutions data.
• SKILLS DEVELOPMENT AND LIVELIHOOD SUPPORT: contribute to grassroots capacity development, supporting locally led livelihood initiatives and social cohesion activities, which in turn have a positive impact on migrant community engagement and integration in communities. To do so IOM partners with Libyan civil society organizations (CSOs) to provide training in livelihood-generating activities.
• FACILITATION OF BILATERAL LABOUR AGREEMENTS: work closely with the Ministry of Labour and Rehabilitation (MoL) through strategic policy engagement to strengthen channels for regular migration and create an enabling environment where migrants can contribute to the development of the Libyan economy and society. 
• MAINSTREAMING LABOUR MIGRATION MANAGEMENT INTO GOVERNANCE: To raise awareness on the rights of migrant workers and to ensure labour migration management is mainstreamed in governance at all levels, IOM supports the capacity enhancement of national and local authorities and municipalities and CSOs in Libya on migration management and workers’ rights. To streamline these efforts and to ensure they collectively contribute toward effective labour migration management, IOM also supports the Libyan government in developing a coherent policy on labour migration

At the same time, protection activities will place the rights and well-being of migrants, including IDPs, and affected communities at the center of its operations to ensure the protection of migrants across the full spectrum of migration management and governance.

With regard to the provision of water, sanitation and hygiene in transitional and post-crisis situations, IOM Libya will provide the following activities:

• Drilling of new water wells, rehabilitation of existing wells, and the provision of water pumps and generators;
• Improve the situation of WASH facilities in schools by constructing new sanitary blocks or rehabilitating existing ones;
• Support the General Wastewater company (government entity) through the provision of submersible wastewater pumps and equipment to improve their services to all communities;
• Organize awareness events on water conservation, especially on international Water Days.

In Libya, MHPSS needs are chronically neglected due to longstanding challenges that include the shortage of qualified specialists, weak community-based and specialized services, lack of mental health facilities and psychosocial support centres, lack of support to existing facilities, and social stigma towards people with mental health disorders. IOM has reactivated the MHPSS Technical Working Group (TWG) in close coordination with the Ministry of Health since August 2020, co-chaired the MHPSS TWG from August 2020 till December 2022 and plans to continue supporting the national MHPSS coordination efforts under the leadership of the Ministry of Health. In 2023, IOM will:

• Build the capacity of Libyan practitioners and MHPSS actors on MHPSS interventions in migration, emergency, displacement and pandemic settings, as well as on the provision of basic and advanced counselling skills, the use of Psychological First Aid (PFA) and IASC MHPSS resources on COVID-19 Pandemic response;
• Continue to support and enhance national coordination mechanisms including through supporting national efforts for service mapping, referrals, data collection, joint studies and assessments;
• Provide technical support and guidance to national counterparts and strengthen referral pathways and advocacy on MHPSS issues.

IOM Libya's work on disaster risk reduction (DRR) will contribute towards the implementation of the Sendai Framework for DRR 2015-2030. IOM’s DRR programmes will integrate mobility-based strategies in efforts to reduce disaster risk and strengthen resilience. Paying particular attention to at-risk communities, migrants, including returnees, displaced populations, and other vulnerable mobile groups, this programming aims to prevent or reduce displacement through support for prevention and mitigation, risk governance and information. Activities will include:

• Conducting multi-hazard risk assessments in locations prone to be affected by disaster, map potential evacuation sites, access to services and physical access constraints.
• Investing in data collection to identify risks in all of its dimensions in communities at risk, vulnerability of the communities, and the environment, in close coordination with DTM Programme team.
• Providing trainings on DRR in line with Migrant in Countries in Crisis (MICIC) Guidelines and other internationally recognized standards, including on Guidelines to Protect Migrants in Countries Experiencing Conflict or Natural Disaster, to crisis-affected communities as part of CCCM and evacuation, shelter response and recovery programmes, mainstreaming protection principles and durable solutions.
• Conducting advocacy work for policies and research related to climate change adaptation in Libya.
• Conducting consultations with communities vulnerable to climate risk to develop community action plans that identify localized climate adaptation strategies, and providing technical assistance to implement these plans. Supporting the draft, review and update of local policies on disaster risk reduction/management and local climate change adaptation planning and strengthening the implementation capacity of local actors through the provision of training, equipment and tools.
• Conducting research and actions related to Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) and contributing to the generation of relevant science-based evidence and utilization of local knowledge to inform the government’s policies and programmes, and multi-sectoral programmes (i.e. food security-WASH-climate change, DTM-community stabilization) with other development partners including UN agencies and CSO partners.
• Supporting at-risk communities and individuals to mainstream climate-smart, sustainable green livelihood strategies, including through the set-up of community-based climate risk monitoring and early warning systems.
• Facilitate community-based disaster risk management processes and the development of community-based disaster management plans to enable communities to be better prepared to deal and cope with disasters. Communities will be trained on the development of community action plans to determine community resilience-building needs. 

 As part of the Storm Daniel Emergency Response,

• IOM will continue its ongoing efforts, improve the knowledge and build the skills of authorities and national stakeholders on climate-related disaster risk management, through capacity building activities on disaster risk management.
• In coordination with the national meteorological center, IOM will seek to establish Community Early Warning Systems in Derna, Al Bayda and Al Amkhaily. These systems will be inclusive, engaging migrants, and tailored to communities' needs, ensuring end-to-end early warning, connecting with the National Meteorology Centre and local hubs, and accounting for different linguistic groups to ensure timely access to understandable and actionable early warning messages.

In Libya the trend of return of IDPs to their places of origin and the resulting decrease in the number of people displaced observed since the mid-2020 ceasefire continues. However, due to Libya’s unstable political and security situation and the volume of migrants present and transiting through the country, IOM will invest in knowledge and capacities to effectively anticipate, respond to, and recover from the impacts of likely, imminent, or current disasters. This will be done through:

Pre-positioning of NFI and food kits; continuous monitoring of migration flows and migrants/IDP’s needs, as well as training and equipment for local responders.

Through DTM, IOM has been providing to all humanitarian, development and peace actors a common operating picture concerning the movement of IDPs, returnees and migrants in Libya since 2016, allowing crisis response actors to provide timely assistance to those in need and guiding strategic planning and response as the primary source of data for Humanitarian Needs Overview (HNO). IOM works in coordination with Libyan counterparts including the Bureau of Statistics, the Ministry of Displacement, and the National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC). To this end, IOM plans to conduct:

• Flow Monitoring: collect information on the volume of migrants and their basic characteristics across key transit points during observation hours to understand migration flows;
• Migrant Surveys: Conduct in person face to face interviews with migrants to better understand their migration aspirations, intentions, and histories, their humanitarian needs and vulnerabilities to inform humanitarian action and migration management programming;
• Mobility Tracking: Capture sex and age disaggregated data and identify vulnerable groups in all 100 Libyan municipalities on an eight-week cycle on all IDPs, returnees and migrants to identify their current locations and identify priority humanitarian needs via Key Informant Interviews conducted at regional (admin 2: mantika), and municipality (admin 3: baladiya) levels;
• Detention Center Profiling: Provide snapshots of detention centres under the management of Libya’s DCIM;
• Emergency Event Tracking: Conduct rapid displacement assessments to provide baseline information within 72 hours of an incident;
• Conduct thematic assessments and multi-sectoral needs assessments focusing on priority needs amongst migrants and IDPs;
• Conduct intention surveys and returnee assessments to determine pathways to durable solutions for displaced populations;
• Implement the Solutions and Mobility Index (SMI) to generate evidence on access to durable solutions, quality of returns and drivers of fragility at the community level, as well as to cover aspects of mobility and migration related to climate change and disaster-related drivers; 
• Build the information management capacity of Libyan line ministries;
• Conduct in-depth thematic assessments and research studies on various topics of interest such as remittances, labour migration and circular migration, amongst other thematic areas.
• Support and strengthen IOM Libya's Accountability to Affected Populations (AAP) by leveraging information exchange with communities and people affected.
• Following the onset of armed clashes in Sudan in mid-April, IOM Libya activated its emergency tracking and flow monitoring activities and stands ready to support with relevant assistance. 

  IOM programmes as well as humanitarian, development and peacebuilding actors in Libya will benefit from an enhanced evidence base for their response. Indirect targets will be the individuals IOM supports through activities and programmes that are better tailored to the needs of affected populations.

As part of the Storm Daniel Emergency Response,

• Following the floods, IOM is undertaking damage assessment mapping, in collaboration with partners, including the private sector.
• Rapid Needs Assessments are also being conducted in flood-affected areas through key informant interviews and household sampled surveys to identify affected populations and their immediate needs.
• IOM will also be processing and analyzing flood-related data to draft reports tailored for responders and broader dissemination.