People Targeted: 30,000 vulnerable migrants including IDPs, returnees and host communities.

Entities Targeted: Cash working Group (CWG), banks, mobile companies, Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) and the private sector.

IOM efforts to support crisis-affected communities with basic needs will include:

• Providing cash-based interventions (CBI) to complement in-kind assistance prioritizing newly displaced and vulnerable households focusing on people with special needs to address their basic emergency necessities and reduce use of negative coping mechanisms such as selling assets to buy food and medicines.

• Conducting comprehensive cash feasibility assessments, market assessments, additional needs assessments, and community consultations to confirm usage of CBI modality most applicable in the context including bank transfer or Mobile Money to facilitate safe access for beneficiaries.

• Enrolling beneficiaries in the CBI programme based on predetermined criteria and distributing unconditional multi-purpose cash assistance (MPCA) for beneficiaries to buy food and other items that address their immediate basic needs in coordination with the CWG and other multisector partners to maximize impact of the assistance (i.e., providing basic services such as health and distributing other non-food items along with the cash to ensure that beneficiaries have increased purchasing power).

• Conducting post-distribution monitoring of the assistance to determine lessons learnt and best practices for MPCA.

People Targeted: 150,000 IDPs.

Entities Targeted: Humanitarian Aid Commission (HAC) and 38 organizations including UN agencies and IN/NNGO partners including UNHCR, OCHA, UNICEF, WFP, NRC.

To contribute to better access to basic services and protection for affected populations through improved humanitarian coordination and site management under the four pillars of the Global Camp Coordination and Camp Management (CCCM) framework 2021-2023 Cluster strategy by:

• Collecting disaggregated population statistics on IDPs residing in displacement sites, including camps and settlements to support the Site Management Working Group and inform community participation activities.
• Attending regular coordination and information management activities, with humanitarian actors and government officials to manage displacement sites.
• Supporting planning, development, maintenance, upgrades, or the re-planning and re-organizing of crowded IDP gathering sites to increase the privacy and dignity of displaced populations, including installation of communal facilities, fire safety, infection prevention and control (IPC), and other protection measures to improve the wellbeing of site residents and ensure equitable access to humanitarian assistance and participation mechanisms.
• Contributing to quarterly profiles that identify whether service provision at target sites meet the criteria for humanitarian standards including SPHERE. 
• Promoting community participation and self-governance, including supporting displacement-affected communities' involvement in decision-making, and setting up a Complaints Feedback Mechanism (CFM) as an Accountability to Affected Populations (AAP) channel for displaced populations to provide feedback and complaints on services they receive as well as any Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (SEA) concerns.

People Targeted: 1,340,000 IDPs, refugees, returnees, and crisis-affected communities.

Entities Targeted: Humanitarian Aid Commission (HAC), local administrative authority.

Shelter and non-food items interventions will improve living conditions for vulnerable populations, targeting camps and communities with high rates of displacement or contribute to the safe return or relocation of vulnerable groups by:

• Using information provided through the Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) and conducting specific shelter and non-food item surveys and needs assessments to identify and prioritize the most vulnerable households and individuals including people with specific needs (PWSN) e.g., women, children, the elderly, and disabled people to provide assistance in line with their needs.
• Procuring, prepositioning, and distributing: (i) non-food items (NFI) kits; (ii) emergency shelters (ES) kits in line with sector standards with locally acceptable and environmentally friendly materials; (iii) shelter repair tools and kits; (iv) tents; (v) communal shelters; (vi) locally sourced and environmentally friendly materials for the construction of durable shelters, which are culturally acceptable and appropriate for the climate. The kit contents will be coordinated with the emergency shelter and non-food items (ES/NFI) sector and adapted to the needs identified and context for each region. ES/NFIs assistance can be provided using either in-kind, voucher, or cash modalities including cash or vouchers for rent.
• Providing training on assembly and maintenance techniques for emergency shelters for beneficiary households and local partners to ensure that structures are properly assembled.
• Contracting service providers and providing cash or incentives for skilled laborers to construct durable shelters.
• Distributing information, education, and communication (IEC) materials as needed, and conducting information sessions for vulnerable households to promote proper use, handling, and storage of NFIs to ensure longevity of the items and secure shelters especially against flood and fire hazards.
• Establish AAP systems, including feedback and complaint mechanisms, to ensure safe access to services and post distribution monitoring missions to determine beneficiaries satisfaction with assistance provided.

People Targeted: 250,000 IDPs, refugees, returnees, and crisis-affected communities.

Entities Targeted: Humanitarian Aid Commission (HAC), local administrative authority.

Shelter and non-food items interventions will improve living conditions for vulnerable populations, targeting camps and communities with high rates of displacement or contribute to the safe return or relocation of vulnerable groups by: 

• Using information provided through the Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) and conducting specific shelter and non-food item surveys and needs assessments to identify and prioritize the most vulnerable households and individuals including people with specific needs (PWSN) e.g., women, children, the elderly, and disabled people to provide assistance in line with their needs.

• Procuring, prepositioning, and distributing: (i) non-food items (NFI) kits; (ii) emergency shelters (ES) kits in line with sector standards with locally acceptable and environmentally friendly materials; (iii) shelter repair tools and kits; (iv) locally sourced and environmentally friendly materials for the construction of durable shelters, which are culturally acceptable and appropriate for the climate. The kit contents will be coordinated with the emergency shelter and non-food items (ES/NFI) sector and adapted to the needs identified and context for each region. ES/NFIs assistance can be provided using either in-kind, voucher, or cash modalities.

• Providing training on assembly and maintenance techniques for emergency shelters for beneficiary households and local partners to ensure that structures are properly assembled.

• Contracting service providers and providing cash or incentives for skilled laborers to construct durable shelters.

• Distributing information, education, and communication (IEC) materials as needed, and conducting information sessions for vulnerable households to promote proper use, handling, and storage of NFIs to ensure longevity of the items and secure shelters especially against flood and fire hazards.

People Targeted: 1,220,000 IDPs, refugees, returnees, and crisis-affected communities.

Entities Targeted: Ministry of Irrigation and Water Resources, Water and Environmental Sanitation (WES). 

Life-saving assistance will be provided to people newly displaced by conflict and natural hazards using early recovery approaches to improve access to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services including:

• Conducting WASH assessments such as knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) surveys to identify accessibility to potable water points and understand sanitation and hygiene practices, risks, and safety concerns to inform WASH programming. KAP surveys will ensure to include groups mainly responsible for collecting water, as well as people with specific needs (PWSN), underrepresented groups such as people with disabilities, women, and girls.  

• Drilling new boreholes, extending water networks, installing/ rehabilitating hand pumps, emergency bladders and water yards and providing water trucking in emergencies in the absence of water sources to increase water quantity to SPHERE standard of 7.5 - 15 litres per person per day (l/p/d).

• Monitoring ground water levels using data loggers to ensure water table sustainability.

• Providing sustainable and environmentally friendly power sources such as solar technology inclusive of operation and maintenance costs for water points and biogas for alternative fuel sources. 

• Constructing additional gender, age, and disability sensitive latrines with handwashing facilities no more than 50 meters from each latrine in line with SPHERE standards and rehabilitating and maintaining sanitation facilities to prevent groundwater contamination and improve hygienic practices during emergencies.

• Launching hygiene promotion campaigns through risk communication and community engagement (RCCE) to raise awareness of improved hygiene practices in coordination with the local authorities and communities inclusive of PWSN and underrepresented groups.

• Supporting communities to develop infection prevention and control (IPC) measures using WASH strategies to manage disease outbreaks such as COVID-19, cholera, and Hepatitis E.

• Providing guidance and tools for solid waste management protocols such as garbage collection and disposal to prevent environmental pollution.

• Procuring, prepositioning, and distributing:

1. WASH items such as soap, jerrycans, and culturally appropriate hygiene kits inclusive of menstrual hygiene management (MHM) items chosen in consultation with local communities.
2. Water filters, water purification tabs, and chlorine for vulnerable households and technicians and providing training on the correct usage and handling of these water treatment items to support water quality control practices and improve access to clean water.
3. Spare parts and tools for maintenance and rehabilitation of WASH facilities.

• Training both female and male community members as technicians and mechanics to operate, maintain, and repair water points.

• Establishing WASH management committees to collect tariffs from community members to maintain facilities and develop contingency plans for management of WASH facilities, including operation and maintenance (O&M) guidelines in line with similarly successful mechanisms.

• Establish AAP systems, including feedback and complaint mechanisms, to ensure safe access to services and post distribution monitoring and after action missions to determine beneficairies satisfaction with assistance provided.

People Targeted: 820,000 IDPs, refugees, returnees, internal and international migrants, host communities, and crisis-affected communities.  

Entities Targeted: Ministry of Health (MoH), international and national NGOs, medical students’ international network in Sudan (Med SIN-Sudan). 

To reduce mortality, morbidity, and alleviate the suffering of crisis-affected individuals and host communities by ensuring access to and availability of life-saving health care and nutrition services through: 

• Rehabilitating primary health-care facilities (PHCs) and providing mobile clinic services to support inpatient and outpatient care.

• Providing life-saving medicine, medical equipment and supplies to support the continuity of the basic package of primary health care services (BPPHS).

• Providing operational support for the target health facilities and mobile teams to deliver the minimum BPPHS including but not limited to:

1. Conducting outpatient consultations and treatment for acute and chronic non-communicable diseases such as diabetes and communicable diseases such as HIV and tuberculosis (TB), including testing, identification, counselling, referral for treatment and follow-up.

2. Supporting essential maternal and child health care services including screening, diagnosis, and management of malnutrition focusing on the specific needs of children under the age of five and pregnant and lactating women. This will include ante- and post-natal care, deliveries by skilled attendants, sexual and reproductive health information sessions as well as nutrition counselling such as infant and young child feeding in emergencies (IYCF-E), growth monitoring, middle and upper arm circumference (MUAC) screening, provision of vitamin A, and deworming.

3. Facilitating the provision of vaccination to children under the age of five in collaboration with other stakeholders such as UNICEF, GAVI, and MoH, with a special focus on zero dose children among IDPs, refugees, returnees, and other vulnerable crisis-affected communities.

4. Facilitating referrals for specialized medical assistance to secondary and tertiary facilities for continuity of care.

5. Facilitating waste management and vector control at health facilities and in communities to reduce risks of disease outbreaks and improve environmental health in coordination with WASH and Health Sectors including strengthening of IPC through provision of supplies and training health staff on IPC protocols, medical waste management, and supportive supervision.

• Supporting early warning alert and response systems (EWARS) for improved surveillance of disease outbreaks such as malaria or cholera.

• Providing capacity building trainings and refresher courses for health-care providers and community volunteers such as community health workers (CHWs) and community midwives (CMs). The training will include public health surveillance, case management of disease outbreaks, health information management, IPC, reproductive health, IYCF-E, community management of acute malnutrition (CMAM), referrals for the survivors of gender-based violence (GBV), prevention of sexual exploitation and abuse (PSEA), disability inclusion, and overall promotion of better health and nutrition practices in the community.

• Providing risk communication and community engagement (RCCE) activities for effective community mobilization on health education, especially during emergencies (i.e., outbreaks).

• Supporting communities to establish community health management committees (CHMC) to engage the affected community to identify new public health threats, monitor ongoing health interventions, and provide feedback to IOM, partners, local health providers, and MoH.

People Targeted: 150,000 IDPs, refugees, returnees, internal and international migrants, host communities, and crisis-affected communities.

Entities Targeted: Ministry of Health (MoH), international and national NGOs, Med SIN-Sudan.

To promote, protect, and support the psychosocial well-being and mental health of crisis-affected populations, IOM is planning to provide services aimed at reducing psychosocial vulnerabilities during emergencies and support individuals’ and communities’ ability to cope by:

• Providing support for doctors trained for the WHO mental health gap action programme (MHGap) to ensure access to treatment providers and programmes for affected populations.

• Providing capacity building for frontline health-care workers including counsellors, psychiatrists, community volunteers, and community leaders on psychological first aid (PFA) and basic mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) to support their local crisis-affected communities.

• Promoting community-based psychosocial support provided by trained community health workers and psychosocial mobile teams (PMTs) during emergencies.

• Referral of persons with severe mental disorders to specialized mental health care facilities during and after emergencies.

People Targeted: 200,000 IDPs, refugees, returnees, internal and international migrants, and other vulnerable crisis-affected communities and government officials receiving capacity building training.

Entities Targeted: Federal and State Ministries of Social Development, National and State Councils for Child Welfare, Ministry of Labour, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Interior, HAC, Commissioner of Refugees (CoR).

IOM Sudan will incorporate the four protection mainstreaming principles, which are fundamental to crises and post crisis responses, in all activities implemented: (1) prioritize safety and dignity and avoid causing harm, (2) secure meaningful access to support and services, (3) ensure accountability to affected populations, and (4) ensure participation and empowerment of beneficiaries. Protection efforts will focus on the following activities:

• Ensuring that protection is mainstreamed in all of IOM’s interventions through training of staff and partners on protection principles, PSEA, diversity and inclusion, review of tools used for programming and operation, reinforcing access to community-based complaint mechanisms (CBCM), and establishing or reinforcing safeguarding measures including Child Safeguarding Policy.

• Providing technical support and tools to the Government of Sudan to ensure the effective management of migration and protection of all migrants including increasing the local government’s capacity to develop new policies, frameworks, and advocacy for internal and international migrants to ensure that they are properly registered and have access to services.

• Monitoring the protection situation in concerned locations and collecting relevant information on protection needs, gaps, and trends for advocacy and assistance purposes in coordination with the Protection Sector, GBV working group and the IOM Displacement Tracking Matrix team.

• Providing capacity building and awareness raising for international migrant communities, local communities, and youth in crisis-affected communities on: (i) risks of irregular migration including migrant smuggling, human trafficking, and available community-based protection mechanisms and resources, (ii) the importance of peacebuilding, coexistence, informal dispute resolution, and crisis mediation.

• Providing direct assistance services such as medical assistance, psychosocial support (PSS) and counselling, food and non-food items, hygiene kits including menstrual hygiene management (MHM) items, personal protective equipment (PPE), and public health awareness and prevention messaging in coordination with Protection, WASH, and Health focal points, using in-kind, cash and voucher modalities. Assistance will be provided to international migrants in vulnerable situations in including migrant children living on the streets or studying in religious schools through the Migrant Resource and Response Centre (MRRC) in Khartoum and Migrant Resource Centres (MRCs) in Gedaref and Kassala, or through IOM’s sub-offices in Darfur in coordination with local partners and service providers.

• Providing direct assistance through mobile teams to support international migrants with specific vulnerabilities who reside in community safe houses, are in administrative detention or are otherwise unable to reach MRRC, MRCs, or service providers.

• Facilitating referral pathways for critical needs and essential services that are provided including ES/NFI, protection, health and MHPSS (in line with the IOM Manual on Community-Based Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in Emergencies and Displacement).

• Providing capacity building for local partners including civil society, health and social welfare staff, psychologists, psychiatrists, immigration officers and other frontline law enforcement officers on identification of vulnerable populations, direct assistance, PSEA, and referral to service providers, especially provision of information on access to essential services and counselling for survivors of trauma including victims of trafficking, smuggled migrants, unaccompanied minors, with a special focus on children, youth, women, the elderly, and people with disabilities considering their additional vulnerabilities and needs.

• Coordinating with Protection Sector partners managing GBV cases to ensure that GBV referral pathways are up to date and staff are trained on how to provide support in case of GBV disclosure. This includes establishing safe platforms for engagement for women and girls to access information related to women’s empowerment and available protection services including services for survivors of GBV.

People Targeted: 17,000 internal or international migrants including third country nationals (TCNs).

Entities Targeted: National airlines and international airlines with agreements with IOM, ground transport companies, participating host governments (Embassies and Consulates), Government of Sudan (Ministries of Foreign Affairs, Interior and Health), service providers for catering and accommodation.

To provide humane, dignified, and voluntary movement support to vulnerable migrants in need of urgent movement assistance, activities will include:

• Facilitating outbound and inbound travel and onward transportation by air, land, or sea as appropriate; as well as accommodation, food, and cash assistance to internal and international migrants including TCNs stranded by crises and IDPs, returnees, and refugees.
• Conducting pre-departure briefings and information sessions on processes and cultural orientation where needed.
• Providing operational and medical escorts and extra support to unaccompanied migrant children, victims of trafficking, and victims of other abuses due to their additional vulnerabilities and needs.
• Coordinating associated health checks such as pre-departure medical screening and fit to travel assessments in collaboration with the Migration Health Division.
• Providing support, liaison, and coordination services for both the host country and country of origin embassies or consulates to organize reception assistance and appropriate case management and referral services including in- kind or financial support, where applicable.

People Targeted: 350,000 crisis-affected people including IDPs in a protracted displacement situations, returnees at risk of displacement, and underserved home and host communities.

Entities Targeted: Ministry of Irrigation and Water Resources, Water and Environmental Sanitation (WES).

IOM aims to provide water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services in transitional and post-crisis situations to support and sustainably respond to the needs of underserved and at-risk communities and improve their capacity and resilience to future shocks such as disease outbreaks and malnutrition by addressing the risks related to faecal-oral transmission and water contamination through improved and sustained access to WASH services by:

• Conducting WASH assessments such as knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) surveys to identify accessibility to potable water points and understand sanitation and hygiene practices, risks, and safety concerns to inform WASH programming. KAP surveys will ensure to include questions for underrepresented groups and PWSN, such as people with disabilities, women, and girls.

• Increasing access to safe and clean water by drilling, constructing, and/or rehabilitating water points including ground water monitoring, and providing water treatment as well as prepositioning of spare parts and tools to maintain water points; ensuring that communities have better livelihood opportunities by providing them with sufficient water for agriculture and livestock management – which are primary sources of income in majority of the target locations.

• Using community-led approaches to total sanitation (CLTS) to engage the community in designing the responses and supporting construction of more gender, age, and disability sensitive latrines including maintenance and rehabilitation of the sanitation facilities to prevent groundwater contamination, reduce open defecation, and improve household and community hygiene practices.

• Launching hygiene promotion campaigns identified through participatory assessments to positively encourage a change in attitude and behaviour towards improved hygiene practices including proper storage of water, safer methods of food preparation, regular hand washing with soap, and other mitigation measures to reduce risks of undernutrition linked to poor hygiene and faecal-oral transmission of infections.

• Building the capacity of community members to establish WASH management committees, consisting of both men and women, to collect tariffs from community members to support the operation, management, and maintenance of facilities and conduct community-led sanitation and hygiene awareness campaigns for public health and environmental preservation.

• Actively working with government and national water authorities to build institutional capacity including structures, coordination, and management mechanisms inclusive of and for regular operation and management (O&M) activities including human resources, supplies and financial resources to support local communities with sustainable WASH services.

People Targeted: 200,000 IDPs, refugees, returnees, and home and host communities with special focus on underrepresented groups such as women and youth.

Entities Targeted: 10 NGOS, CSOs, CBOs.

Community engagement and stabilization programming aims to address the drivers and effects of forced displacement and irregular migration related to natural hazards and man-made crises. This includes the provision of essential services, the promotion of social cohesion and community management of resources, capacity building and supporting inclusive economic recovery through livelihood opportunities. To (re)establish stability and security, address drivers of further forced displacement or migration, restore trust amongst community members, vulnerable populations and local authorities, activities will include:

• Promoting participatory decision-making at the community level through IOM’s Community Based Planning methodology and designing project interventions based on community priorities to build social cohesion around common goals.

• Providing basic services and infrastructure such as community-owned buildings (schools, community learning centres, recreational facilities) as well as community-based programs (farming and small business cooperatives) to promote social cohesion and address grievances around strained and overused resources which are a source of inter or intra community conflict.

• Building community capacity for collective, equitable, and sustainable management of natural resources including integrated water resource management (IWRM) and basic services.

• Facilitating complementary capacity building of communities and authorities on climate-smart agriculture, drought-resistant agricultural techniques, and livestock management, to manage food insecurity, secure livelihoods, and reduce tensions over limited resources.

• Facilitating market-oriented vocational and livelihood training and supporting inclusive skills development for income-generating activities in agriculture, livestock, trade, animal health and other livelihood opportunities specifically targeting vulnerable members of the community.

• Distributing in-kind income generating assets, providing conditional cash or voucher assistance, or supporting access to financial institutions based on community-identified priorities and available value chains, in coordination with participating local institutions and associations.

People Targeted: 250,000 IDPs, returnees, refugees and home and host community members.

Entities Targeted: 5 NGOS, CSOs, CBOs.

Progression towards durable solutions will be guided by IOM’s Progressive Resolution of Displacement Situations Framework (PRDS), which is in line with the Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) Framework on Durable Solutions for IDPs, to gradually resolve protracted displacement in complex crisis situations. IOM Sudan aims to support IDPs to voluntarily return, in safety, and with dignity to their homes or places of habitual residence, or to resettle in another part of the country. IOM will work closely with partners and local authorities by strengthening the capacity of individuals, households, and communities to better prevent, absorb, and recover positively and effectively to future risks by contributing towards rapid recovery, self-reliance, and promoting local integration and (re)integration in safer and more secure living conditions with better access to resources and opportunities by:

• Designing interventions that contribute to the material and social living conditions key to safe and voluntary integration, return or resettlement, using Displacement Tracking Matrix data.

• Facilitating community-led workshops and initiatives to triangulate the data, understand direct needs, and develop community action plans that support displaced people to return, integrate or settle elsewhere in the country by addressing the drivers of displacement and barriers to durable solutions.

• Supporting the establishment of water, waste, natural resource management, and security committees to oversee and monitor implementation of community action plans, contribute to the selection of the activities to be implemented in areas of intervention, and identify follow-on or future initiatives.

• Supporting the establishment and strengthening of local protection mechanisms to improve the overall safety and security of areas of return, integration, or settlement.

• Constructing or rehabilitating basic infrastructure and facilities that increase access to an adequate standard of living, as prioritized by communities, including housing, access to adequate WASH, health, and education facilities.

• Building the capacity of local institutions and communities to support the provision, maintenance, and sustainability of basic services, safety, and security, such as training water technicians, health workers, and teachers in coordination with the relevant ministries.

• Identifying partnership opportunities with the private sector to improve access to diversified and secure livelihoods and supporting small businesses and community or farmers’ associations to access additional financial support.

• Develop innovative approaches to increase the transfer of valuable and sustainable skills or knowledge, and resources to Sudan through increased diaspora engagement for more durable solutions.

• Coordinating with stakeholders, including national and local authorities as well as humanitarian and development actors, working together to identify the strategies and activities to assist IDPs in this process, and set criteria that will help to determine to what extent a durable solution has been achieved.

People Targeted: 100,000 people from pastoralist or sedentary communities along migratory routes, in conflict affected locations including home and host communities with inter and intra communal disputes, with a focus on the role of women, youth, and former combatants/ fighters in peacebuilding and peace preservation activities.

Entities Targeted: 7 CSOs and CBOs, relevant line ministries and institutions, Sudan Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Commission (SDDRC).

IOM will contribute towards reducing risks of conflict by promoting social cohesion and by working directly with selected communities to identify root causes of tension and conflict, while strengthening local peacebuilding initiatives and conflict resolution mechanisms, and improving human security by addressing the need for immediate security, longer-term recovery, and delivering appropriate peace dividends through:

• Conducting analyses on conflict sensitivities and context in the target areas including using Transhumance Tracking Tool data to develop an early warning system that identifies conflict hotspots along migratory routes.

• Supporting reconciliation efforts and strengthening conflict resolution mechanisms at the national and community level and improving opportunities for women and youth representation in conflict resolution mechanisms.

• Supporting facilitated dialogues or workshops with diverse groups to contribute towards restoring trust and mitigating future violent conflict based on analysis and in communication with affected communities, where appropriate.

• Increasing community capacities to engage local actors in peacebuilding activities including supporting community-based interventions to promote social cohesion, the peace process, and political transition. Specific attention will be dedicated to promoting the role of women and youth in these processes.

• Enhancing traditional conflict resolution mechanisms and capacity building for local rural courts/institutions to facilitate regulated access to pastures and resolving land and other issues which cause inter/intra communal conflict.

• Increasing access to water and other basic services for pastoralists and communities along migration corridors as part of conflict mitigation measures or peace dividends. The type and location of the basic service will be chosen in coordination with the target communities and encourage collaborative selection, use, and protection of shared resources.

• Developing integrated resource management systems to promote the coordinated development and management of water, land, and related communal resources, to reduce conflict over natural resources and maximize socio-economic gains without compromising the sustainability of vital ecosystems.

• Improving access to local livelihood opportunities, especially focusing on women and youth, and providing seed funding to community-designed and led social and economic development initiatives to encourage collective action.

• Strengthening local protection mechanisms through capacity building trainings to improve security of target areas and promote trust building and accountability between local authorities and communities they serve.

• Building capacity to respond to the challenges of Disarmament Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR) and work with CBOs and CSOs to understand barriers to reintegration. Coordinating with the local authorities and the SDDRC to provide ex-combatants in need with: (i) Information Counselling and Referral Services (ICRS) support for mental health; (ii) sustainable reintegration grants for ex-combatants for socio-economic activities and other essential basic services; (iii) community initiatives to contribute to post-conflict recovery and build the conditions necessary for sustainable peace and reintegration of ex-combatants.

People Targeted: 150,000 health care workers, community health workers, and local officials who will benefit from capacity building and provide direct health services to IDPs, refugees, returnees, internal and international migrants, host communities, and crisis-affected communities.

Entities Targeted: Ministry of Health (MoH), Ministry of Interior (MoI), National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF), international and national NGOs, Med SIN-Sudan.

IOM will contribute to the strengthening of health systems and inclusion of migrants in Sudan through the following interventions and adhere to the 2005 International Health Regulations (IHR), to build resilience of the communities on the border against public health threats by:

• Continuously monitoring the needs of migrants through IOM’s presence in the field offices, coordination with other stakeholders such as HAC, MoH and or Health and Nutrition Sector, and through Displacement Tracking Matrix data.

• Contribute to relevant national health strategies such as national multi-hazard health emergencies preparedness and response plan in coordination with WHO, FMoH, Health Sector.

• Leading the integration of migration data into national health system whenever possible, such as National Health Information Management System (NHIMS) in collaboration with Federal Ministry of Health (FMoH) and WHO, following the first workshop conducted in July 2022.

• Facilitating the utilization of the national health insurance system to work towards universal health coverage (UHC) for migrants, through advocacy during technical and coordination meetings, and in collaboration with the National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF).

• Strengthening the capacity to provide services for HIV and TB, especially in hard-to-reach areas in collaboration with MoH and other relevant agencies and organizations.

• Strengthening the capacity of authorities and communities along the border to prevent, detect, and respond to health threats within the mobility continuum, under the Health, Border, and Mobility Management (HBMM) Framework. This will include capacity building on public health surveillance and/or strengthening of existing community-based surveillance to allow health care providers and local authorities to address the various challenges that migrants encounter along migratory routes such as a lack of access to primary health care due to distance, mobility, inter-communal tension, and the lack of health and nutrition-related information and awareness raising messages in their languages.

• Empowering and engaging youth in the community on health promotion activities in coordination with medical students’ network (Med SIN-Sudan).

• Supporting local NGOs by providing financial and capacity building training to improve localization of interventions at the grassroots level.

People Targeted: 100,000 vulnerable community members and 600 community health workers and local officials who will benefit from capacity building training.

Entities Targeted: Ministry of Health (MoH), international and national NGOs, Med SIN-Sudan.

IOM will promote and support MHPSS at individual, family, and community level to contribute to wider efforts to strengthen social cohesion, recovery, and crisis prevention through community engagement by:

• Training community health workers on the topic of prevention of mental health issues in emergency and post-conflict situations including conflict and gender sensitivities and social dynamics; to address the mental health and psychosocial issues that migrants and host community face during crises.

• Conducting community information sessions, focus group discussions, and workshops on the prevention and treatment of mental health issues by introducing psychosocial education in primary health care, social, educational and religious settings in post-conflict environments and providing resources and referrals to service providers for both migrant and host communities.

• Conducting psychosocial activities including socio-relational activities, counselling, and referral in vulnerable communities.

People Targeted: 120,000 IDPs, returnees, and at-risk and vulnerable communities prone to risks associated with man-made or natural hazards.

Entities Targeted: HAC, Civil Defence, Higher Council for Environment and Natural Resources (HCENR), local authorities and communities.

IOM aims to develop disaster risk reduction (DRR) strategies and mechanisms to prevent or reduce displacement triggered by natural hazards, environmental degradation, or the adverse effects of climate change, and build the resilience of vulnerable communities to existing and future disaster risks. DRR approaches and interventions will also be used as entry points for wider community stabilization programming by:

• Implementing hazard, community vulnerability, and capacity assessments in high-risk locations to capitalize on local knowledge and ensure the most-needed interventions are prioritized. The assessments will focus on collecting demographic data such as sex, age, disability and other data related to the prevalence and vulnerability of the population to future and existing disaster risks. Data on mobility due to slow on set events will also be collected to inform trends on population movement due to natural events related to hazards and climate change (climate change and migration nexus).

• Building capacity of relevant government institutions and other key stakeholders to develop DRR plans including supporting the use of early warning systems, planned relocation, and expertise on DRR capacity assessment in the framework of Capacity for Disaster Reduction Initiative (CADRI).

• Training local authorities and selected community leaders on DRR to support community early recovery response and raising awareness on disaster risk mitigation measures.

• Establishing community DRR committees with representation from vulnerable groups such as the elderly, women, people with disabilities, with the ability to cascade the awareness-raising campaigns, develop resilience strategies, and contribute to community-based DRR plans such as conducting regular clean-up campaigns and positioning of latrines in areas where collapse is less-likely to reduce the risk of contaminating water sources and preventing environmental pollution in camps, settlements, and host communities.

• Working with Sudanese diaspora and other key stakeholders to mobilize technical expertise and financial resources for the development of DRR programming in coordination with local communities.

• Develop community action plans to prevent disaster risks (particularly floods and droughts) and adapt to climate change. Plans can include embankment, building back safer (BBS) measures, construction and rehabilitation of critical climate resilient infrastructure, applying nature-based solution (NBS), and increasing water harvesting especially in communities where water scarcity and conflict over natural resources continue to persist.

• Advocating for climate change and DRR related policy changes or additions at state and national level.

People Targeted: 300,040 IDPs, returnees, and at-risk and vulnerable communities prone to risks associated with man-made or natural hazards.

Entities Targeted: 5 Government counterparts and local communities.

IOM will develop capacities of government and non-governmental partners to improve humanitarian response and provide services that are scalable and support community emergency preparedness and resilience by:

• Conducting comprehensive community assessments including community hazard and resource mapping which identify gaps in emergency preparedness services and response including assessment of warehouse capacity, capability to preposition life-saving items, and the level of accessibility of these items at state and community level.   

• Building the capacity of national and state level counterparts on emergency preparedness and providing support to sector leads and other stakeholders on the development of contingency and action plans for local communities. Capacity building will also include simulation exercises (SIMEX) to increase state and community level actors’ preparedness to respond to crisis including sensitization workshops on guidelines for Mass Evacuations during Natural Disasters (MEND).  

• Developing mechanisms and Standard Operation Procedures (SOPs) on topics such as warehousing, stock management, and supply chain management.  

• Procuring, prepositioning, and distributing key supplies and items to rapidly respond to emergencies such as floods and mass displacement.  

• Conducting research to implement risk-informed approaches that integrate prevention, emergency preparedness, and response including government planning and promoting innovative solutions for provision and management of basics services before and during crises. 

• Seek to establish humanitarian hubs at border areas in coordination with other UN agencies and relevant government counterparts to assist internal and cross-border migrants during crises.

People Targeted: 1,000 health staff in local facilities and community health workers will benefit from capacity building. The trained workers and pre-positioning of items will benefit IDPs, refugees, returnees, and other internal and international migrants, host communities, and crisis-affected communities.  

Entities Targeted: Ministry of Health, Ministry of Interior and officials at points of entry (PoEs), Med SIN-Sudan. 

IOM supports local authorities and community and frontline health-care workers at designated health-care facilities and PoEs including airports, ports, ground crossings, and communities along migratory routes and border towns, by promoting the obligations and recommendations outlined in the International Health Regulations (2005). IOM will also support emergency preparedness and response to natural and man-made hazard both at health facilities and at the community level by:  

• Building the capacity of local authorities at PoEs, frontline health-care workers at health care facilities and community level on case management, infection prevention and control (IPC), and referral of cases of outbreak-prone diseases like cholera, acute watery diarrhoea, or malaria. 

• Strengthening of health information management systems in the health facilities to ensure early detection and response to public health threats. Supporting health surveillance and disease screening at PoEs by developing gender sensitive SoPs for disease surveillance and IPC. For example, case definition or referral protocols to respond to public health emergencies. 

• Increasing access to rehabilitated health facilities with solar power including operation and maintenance costs and safe access to water and hygiene supplies including hand washing facilities, soap, and chlorine for cleaning and disinfection.  

• Procuring, prepositioning and distribution of essential medical items in strategic locations to respond to emergencies.  

• Strengthening community-based disease surveillance and health security preparedness at PoEs by supporting cross-border health need assessments, providing technical support to taskforces, and organization of cross-border migration health meetings, workshops, and trainings on border health issues especially in areas where frequent human mobility is observed, such as the borders between the states, routes of seasonal migration, and communities hosting refugees or IDPs.

• Applying the ‘One health’ concept to emergency preparedness, to achieve more comprehensive and efficient planning of health responses, including strengthening of the community-based surveillance that monitors animal health.

• Providing health promotion and risk communication and community engagement (RCCE) support as part of awareness raising and information sharing processes including messaging on GBV risks and referral pathways during crises in coordination with Health, Nutrition, and Protection Sector leads and partners.

People Targeted: Before the conflict of April 2023 IOM had identified 3,820,772 IDPs, 1,302,938 permanent returnees from internal displacement, 32,221 seasonal returnees, and 309,724 returnees from abroad and 559,000 foreign nationals during Mobility Tracking Round Six. According to DTM Situation Report 18, as of 22 August 2023, there are 3,601,593 IDPs and a further 1,040,883 people that have crossed borders into neighbouring countries due to the ongoing military conflict and subsequent humanitarian crisis that will receive support based on the information provided on their needs, vulnerabilities, and gaps in services.

Entities Targeted: Directly reaching over 1,200 active subscribers and 60 entities on the Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) information product mailing list comprised of government counterparts, UN agencies, INGOs/NGOs, and other stakeholders, for more credible, comprehensive, and evidence-based situational analysis.  IOM will use DTM to regularly capture, process, and provide humanitarian actors with multi-layered information products, including sex and age disaggregated data, and the locations, composition, vulnerabilities, and needs of displaced and mobile populations to deliver more targeted humanitarian assistance and response, as well as produce an evidence base for programme strategy, design, and operational planning across the country. The following methodologies will be used in Sudan in 2023 to provide critical information management services:

IOM will use DTM to regularly capture, process, and provide humanitarian actors with multi-layered information products, including sex and age disaggregated data, and the locations, composition, vulnerabilities, and needs of displaced and mobile populations to deliver more targeted humanitarian assistance and response, as well as produce an evidence base for programme strategy, design, and operational planning across the country. The following methodologies will be used in Sudan in 2023 to provide critical information management services: 

• Mobility Tracking (MT): utilizing key informant networks to systematically track mobility in locations of interest over consistent data collection rounds. Enumerators will revisit each location and interview key informants to update and verify population presence on a quarterly basis.

• Early Warning Flash Alerts and Emergency Event Tracking (EET): deploying and tracking sudden displacements and population movements, providing more frequent updates on the scale of displacement that occurs between MT rounds, and quantify the number of affected populations. Early warning flash alerts will be disseminated within the first 24-48 hours of incidents to notify partners of sudden events where EET activities will subsequently take place. EET is activated within 72-96 hours of an incident induced by conflict or natural hazards to assist in rapid response planning.

• Situation Assessments: supplementing EET by collecting data on populations in non-emergency settings or protracted situations caused by conflict or natural hazards, utilizing a broad network of key informants to provide an overview of the context and inform response planning.

• Multi Sectoral Needs Assessment (MSNA): providing an overview of the sectoral needs of affected populations in localities hosting displaced populations to inform the Humanitarian Needs Overview and the Humanitarian Response Plan, as well as partners, by identifying the needs and underrepresentation of vulnerable populations and addressing information gaps in services. MSNA is critical for improving the coordination and collaboration between humanitarian partners to ensure more effective and targeted humanitarian response planning across Sudan.

• Integrated Local Assessment (ILA): providing a simultaneous and rigorous in-depth insight of displaced and returning populations in Sudan. Placing a special focus on profiling the locations in which these groups live including the demographic composition of locations, state of infrastructure, services, security, social cohesion, and movement intentions for IDPs and returnees to inform response planning.

• Registration Activities: providing rapid emergency and biometric registrations and data verifications in line with IOM Data Protection Principles with the priority of meeting immediate information needs to guide direct assistance to vulnerable people – implemented in response to government or humanitarian partner requests. Registration data is used for beneficiary selection, vulnerability assessment, and programming.

• Flow Monitoring Registry (FMR): capturing movements of populations at key transit points and borders to quantify and provide regular updates on internal and cross-border flows.

• Return Index (RI): to measure the severity of conditions in locations of return based on indicators such as livelihoods, access to basic services, social cohesion, and safety perceptions. This tool will determine the severity level of living conditions of returnees to allow partners to better strategize for resources and operations in vulnerable areas or to mitigate risks of forced migration (push or pull factors) for a more specific set of coherent interventions that bridge humanitarian, recovery, and community stabilization needs.

• Transhumance Tracking Tool (TTT): Mapping and understanding pastoralist seasonal migratory routes through the TTT with an in-depth analysis of context, inter-tribal dynamics, and socio-economic interdependencies including conflict analyses from the displacement and human mobility perspective to inform programming and assistance for pastoralist and sedentary communities along migratory corridors.

• IOM will ensure equal representation of males and females within the data collection teams as well as key informant networks to address gender sensitivities during the data collection process.

• Training will be provided to data collection teams on data protection and confidentiality as well as prevention of sexual exploitation and abuse (PSEA) and how to manage and safely and ethically disclose and refer gender-based violence (GBV) cases.

• IOM will strengthen accountability to affected populations (AAP) by leveraging information received from the community to inform planning and programming and coordinating activities with the designated community representatives.

People Targeted: Indirectly reaching over 600,000 IDPs and other affected populations that will receive services based on support provided to targeted International Non-governmental Organizations (INGOs) and National Non-governmental Organizations (NNGOs).

Entities Targeted: Directly supporting 30 INGOs/NNGOs.

To build the capacity of partners to provide life-saving humanitarian assistance, IOM will support IN/NNGOs by: 

• Managing a flexible, efficient, and needs based fund disbursement mechanism - Rapid Response Fund (RRF) - to further support humanitarian actors who are assisting people affected by natural and/or man-made hazards in Sudan in an effective and timely manner. 

• Providing capacity building training on proposal development and grant writing for NGOs under the following sectors of emergency response:  shelter and settlements, non-food items, water sanitation and hygiene, protection, health, food security and livelihoods, and humanitarian coordination assistance.

• Providing capacity building training on humanitarian principles such as do-no-harm, PSEA, and AAP and narrative and financial reporting in line with donor guidelines to ensure people-centred, rights-based, and consistent implementation across the funding mechanism.

• Conducting monitoring and evaluation visits to implementing partner project sites to ensure that funds are used effectively by IN/NNGOs, outputs and outcomes are achieved, successes and lessons learnt are properly documented and reported and adjustments are made for future programme implementation.