IOM's camp coordination and camp management (CCCM) initiatives will include:

• Providing site facilitation support and site-level coordination in formal and informal camps in Borno and Adamawa states to ensure that IDPs have access to coordinated assistance and services;
• Supporting the decongestion of camps through site development and preparation works, community mobilization, and relocation efforts. Site improvement interventions will consider mitigating measures for the COVID-19 pandemic, such as physical distancing where possible alongside improving access to handwashing facilities and repair of water and sanitation facilities. Site improvements will also consider specific measures for ensuring disability inclusion and GBV risk mitigation;
• Managing reception centres for new arrivals, ensuring harmonized procedures for newly arrived populations are applied;
• Providing capacity building services for CCCM practitioners, communities, national/local authorities, and other stakeholders;
• Establishing and managing community centres, including by setting up information-sharing mechanisms, strengthening and establishing robust complaints and feedback mechanisms, and facilitating speedy reporting of gaps, including in out-of-camp settings;
• Conducting activities aimed at enhancing the participation of women and girls in activities in IDP sites, including a livelihood project targeting women and girls which is producing face masks for distribution as part of broader COVID-19 preventative measures;
• Identifying durable solutions for IDPs and affected communities, conducting the necessary advocacy activities, tracking standards of humanitarian assistance in camps and camp-like settings against global set standards.

IOM's shelter and non-food items (NFI) initiatives will include:

• Supporting new arrivals in camps through the distribution of emergency shelter kits (in the form of in-kind/ voucher/ cash), construction and maintenance of reception facilities, rehabilitation of damaged buildings for accommodation, and distribution of NFIs at reception centres;
• Contributing to decongestion or re-organization of camps and camp-like settings through the construction of emergency shelters and/or improved emergency shelters with supporting WASH facilities, and distribution of NFI kits to relocated households. Shelters will be constructed in new extensions of existing camps to accommodate new arrivals as well as people sharing shelters or those in congested or flood-prone areas. Construction of new shelters will also be used to replace completely damaged shelters including makeshift shelters while also reorganizing the site to increase access and reduce fire and other safety related risks;
• Supporting transitional shelter solutions by upgrading emergency shelters in camps (in-kind or through cash, including construction skills trainings), constructing transitional mud-brick shelters (through cash-based or contracted modality and including skills training components), and providing improved NFI kits. These activities targets both IDPs, returnees and vulnerable host community members where applicable;
• Maintaining shelters in camps through reinforcement of emergency shelters and improved emergency shelters and provision of shelter maintenance materials and tools to camp committees;
• Supporting host community settings (i.e. outside of camps) by providing shelter repair kits and cash grants to returnees with damaged shelters, rent support or rental subsidy (cash), rehabilitation of shelters (cash) and community infrastructure, improved NFI kits (in-kind/ cash/ voucher);
• Supporting the government in property mapping to address housing, land and property (HLP) issues.

IOM's WASH initiatives will include:

• Providing WASH services in IDP camps, camp-like settings, reception and transit centres, and host communities around the settlements with limited or no WASH services;
• Providing adequate and safe water through construction of new water supply systems, operation and maintenance (O&M) of existing water system, including water quality monitoring, and rehabilitation and upgrading of existing water supply systems;
• Providing safe, dignified, and adequate sanitation facilities, including latrines, showers, handwashing stations, and wastewater transport, treatment, and disposal systems through construction of new sanitation facilities, O&M of newly built and existing facilities. To ensure sustainability of the O&M, IOM will work with local governance structures to ensure long-term operation and maintenance of sanitation infrastructure;
• Providing hygiene promotion, community awareness and education through door-to-door, group counselling, and mass campaigns as per the country and WASH Sector COVID-19 protocols as required; 
• Ensuring access to sufficient and quality personal hygiene items, including menstrual hygiene management (MHM) kits coupled with sensitization and community awareness sessions;
• Supporting efforts for waterborne disease outbreaks and pandemics preparedness and response through provision of additional water supply, infection, prevention and control and risk communication and community engagement as require . This includes cholera, acute water diarrhea (AWD), Hepatitis E, and COVID-19;
• Ensuring environmental sanitation through proper solid waste management cycle: collection, transportation, and disposal;
• Increasing access to critical water, sanitation, and hygiene non-food items (WASH NFIs) through procurement, transportation, prepositioning, and distribution with a common pipeline mechanism;
• Enhancing flood mitigation measures to reduce the negative impact of flood in flood-prone areas through construction and maintenance of drainage systems.

IOM's mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) initiatives will include:

• Establishment of multi-layered MHPSS/protection response system that integrates affected populations, government and stakeholders to improve access and quality of life-saving service provision;
• Strengthening local partnerships with MHPSS providers to improve the quality of service provision in Nigeria;
• Providing basic individual and group counselling to the distressed population, including gender-based violence (GBV) survivors, victims of trafficking (VoT), caregivers, vulnerable children, and families;
• Ensuring compliance with MHPSS standards and procedures, coordination of responses, and establishing a common understanding among MHPSS response partners on MHPSS concepts, terms, principles, and models of work, community-based approaches, and information-sharing within the MHPSS sub-working group;
• Strengthen community resilience and institutional capacities through acquisition of relevant skills and knowledge to enhance social cohesion and community stability through capacity building exercises for national partners and local stakeholders to promote sustainability and to ensure MHPSS and protection minimum standards, as established by the Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) Reference Group on MHPSS in emergency settings, are followed in the provision of humanitarian assistance.

IOM's health initiatives will include:

• Ensuring improved healthcare provision across BAY states in coordination with the Ministry of Health, primary health care agencies, health sector partners and relevant IOM sectors;
• Working with health partners in outbreak prevention, preparedness, and response, including vaccination/immunization campaigns (reaching children with vaccines and reducing zero-dose children in fragile and conflict settings); capacity-building of health professionals to contribute to health systems strengthening; health information management; and emergency health/ mobile referral services and support systems;
• As part of health promotion and prevention activities, implementing health outreach and community engagement activities through community health volunteers in coordination with WASH hygiene promotion activities and in partnership with local non-governmental organizations (NGOs) (for example risk communication and community engagement for COVID-19 and other epidemics);
• Implementing health screening at points of entry (POE) bordering local government areas (LGAs) and POE into the BAY states;
• Conducting COVID-19-positive case management and testing through the operation of the IOM COVID-19 RT-PCR molecular laboratory, Maiduguri, for testing the host community and IDPs, targeting suspected cases, contacts of confirmed cases and for testing asymptomatic persons for travel-related purposes;
• Capacity building for relevant national and local stakeholders and government counterparts on lifesaving health interventions at workplaces and in the field, for instance trauma bag training, first-aid training, basic life support (BLS) and advanced cardiac life support (ACLS).

IOM's protection initiatives will include:

• Providing protection and gender-based violence (GBV) prevention and response services in camps and camp-like settings and host communities across North East Nigeria through psychosocial mobile teams and dedicated spaces;
• Mitigating protection/GBV risks through the provision of trainings/capacity building on protection and GBV, safety audits, assessments, ensuring that protection, GBV prevention and response and protection against sexual exploitation and abuse (PSEA) are mainstreamed throughout the humanitarian response;
• Conducting capacity building on the prevention and response to GBV, trafficking in persons prevention, response, and community engagement for government agencies with a focus on Nigerian Police Force, Nigerian Civil Defence Corps, and the National Agency for the Prohibition of Trafficking in Persons (NAPTIP);
• Promoting protection and improve the well-being of crisis-affected vulnerable communities by ensuring that victims of trafficking in persons (TIP) and GBV survivors have access to quality service in a dignified manner;
• Leading counter-trafficking efforts and coordination in the BAY states, through the harmonization of approaches, terms, principles, models of work, community-based approaches, and information-sharing within the trafficking in persons task force;
• Mitigating trafficking in persons in camps/camp-like settings and host communities across North East Nigeria through preventive approaches (peer-peer activities, awareness campaigns, sensitizations), and deployment of officials of NAPTIP;
• Providing capacity-building support to government partners, awareness-raising, referrals to specialized services (such as education, health, legal and so on) as well as direct assistance (for instance MHPSS, NFI, shelter) to victims of trafficking in Borno, Adamawa  and Yobe states and expanding to Kaduna, Plateu and Nasarawa states.
• Reinforcing safety in referral pathways to support survivors throughout the process of accessing services and enhance multis-sectoral responses;
• Supporting the teams working on complaints and feedback mechanisms (CFMs) to enhance the response and promote mitigation of protection concerns.

IOM's community stabilization initiatives will include:

• Contributing to the recovery, social cohesion, and resilience-building of conflict-affected populations. IOM addresses the root causes of conflict and instability through community stabilization interventions. This helps enhance stability and security, restore trust among community members, vulnerable populations, and local authorities, and lay the foundations for durable solutions, lasting peace, and sustainable development;
• Providing training in soft and hard skills for vulnerable populations (including youth and women) appropriate for the market thereby enhancing their chances for sustainable employment and in self-employment;
• Promoting responsible and inclusive leadership, as well as a culture of peace, co-existence and co-operation between communities and affected populations through social cohesion and confidence building activities. This is achieved through a community-driven and holistic stabilization approach that takes into account the dynamics of conflict and displacement, as well as the need to include marginalized groups at every step in the stabilization processes;
• Enhancing the capacities of local authorities and community leaders to enable them to better support their communities with the restoration of basic rights and the inclusive access to and the provision of essential services, for instance, through targeted capacity building, rehabilitation and reconstruction of community infrastructure, and inclusive economic recovery and livelihoods activities;
• Mobilizing key actors in communities at potential clash points identified through the transhumance tracking tool (TTT), to collectively and pre-emptively identify possible solutions that would allow for the peaceful passage of the transhumant herders through the community, as well as for the enhancement of community social cohesion. This can include demarcation of transhumance passage corridors, augmentation of water points or community infrastructure, to reduce the risk that transhumant herds will need to pass through uncollected crops, potentially leading to social tensions and conflict. In support of, and to further legitimize peaceful mediation processes, IOM then supports local committees and authorities in the implementation of the solutions identified to both enhance the legitimacy of peaceful negotiation processes and ensure peaceful passage of the season's transhumance campaign, as well as to reinforce social contracts with and between local communities.

IOM's peacebuilding and peace preservation initiatives will include:

• Strengthening existing social cohesion platforms across Borno, Adamawa and Yobe States, and establishing new ones where necessary, to support the communities to develop inclusive community-led cohesion dialogues and cohesion plans as well as social impact projects, contributing to community resilience and sustainable peace at the local level;
• Working closely with other communities across Borno and Adamawa states to establish inclusive and participatory community dialogue platforms, composed of traditional leaders and representatives of the various community groups and extend support to communities of the North Central and North West Nigeria;
• Holding regular platform meetings with community members during which key issues that are affecting them are discussed;
• Training platform members on relevant skills that enable them to promote peaceful coexistence in their communities and mobilize the population towards reconciliation, social cohesion, peaceful reintegration, peaceful conflict resolution and prevention, as well as on the drivers that render communities vulnerable to violent extremism;
• Selecting and implementing community impact projects likely to contribute to social cohesion and peace;
• Supporting the prevention of violent extremism (PVE) and reconciliation efforts at national, state, and local levels to mitigate further negative migration pressures resulting from violence and instability;
• Promoting conflict mitigation, peacebuilding and social cohesion between farmer and herder communities in the areas of Adamawa most at risk in the farmer-herder crisis. This will include early warning and early response, transhumance tracking, quick impact projects and the use of media to promote peace in affected communities,

In line with IOM’s Progressive Resolution of Displacement Situations (PRDS) Framework, durable solutions initiatives will include:

• Employing the stability index to better operationalize the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, and explore areas of convergence where conditions are conducive for the roll-out of humanitarian, stabilization and recovery efforts needed in IDP locations. The stability index assesses the perceived level of stability of areas witnessing IDP returns across Borno, Adamawa and Yobe states in North East Nigeria. Findings through the stability index will serve as a starting point for durable solutions interventions and will support government and partners' development of strategies, as well as resource and operations planning that links humanitarian, recovery and stabilization approaches in areas of high return or resettlements;
• Facilitating community mobilization to create community platforms in the areas of return identified as stable to engage local authorities and community leaders from the communities who have stayed behind, IDP returnee communities and youth, women and civil society organizations representing all three community groups as much as possible. In following IOM's community stabilization methodology, these fora serve as participatory mechanisms through which the communities identify priorities for their joint recovery and transition out of crisis. Initiatives will address both basic short- to medium-term needs, as well as  long-term structural rehabilitation needs that contribute to the attainment of durable solutions and to enhanced resilience against forced migration drivers;
• Supporting local authorities in crisis-affected areas of return in the North East to restore community access to public services through the rehabilitation of prioritized community facilities;
• Implementing income-generating activities to enable self-reliance and improve the livelihood situation of returnees and host communities;
• Providing strategy and policy planning support to state governments, local authorities as well as humanitarian and development partners to develop recovery and durable solutions plans for key locations in North East Nigeria, to support crisis affected communities in the sustainable and progressive resolution of their displacement situation;
• Ensuring access to documentation and effective mechanisms to restore housing, land and property. This will also include ensuring  security of tenure of shelter beneficiaries and conducting land advocacy with state and local governments.

IOM's mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) initiatives designed to facilitate dialogue and reinforce social cohesion towards recovery and crisis prevention will include:

• Supporting IDPs, returnees, and communities to regain a sense of safety and human security, increase self-confidence and community trust, strengthen social networks and support structures, develop positive coping mechanisms, and regain hope for the future;
• Identifying in each site/location target groups of adolescent girls and boys, elderly and male groups, and individuals with vulnerabilities to create an individualized support plan for them;
• Providing psychosocial support (for example enabling peer support groups, family/group support and mentoring actions) to strengthen relationships and the sense of solidarity among members of a community;
• Increasing access to social capital through social networks that provide social and emotional support to increase social cohesion, based on social cohesion indicators such as solidarity among the members of the community and the affected population, as well as acceptance, inclusion, participation and equality; 
• Promoting human capabilities to improve human functioning, recovery, and resuming life projects. Through the integration of MHPSS training/educational modules into livelihood projects, this approach will focus on the needs of individuals, their resources, and their diverse abilities;
• Implementing a holistic community engagement strategy using the "Preventing Violence against Women and Girls: Engaging Men in Accountable Practice (EMAP)" approach to promote and influence long-term positive change in the targeted community, aiming at shifting harmful social gender norms and practices. 

IOM's housing, land and property rights (HLP) initiatives aim at:

• Contributing to the objectives of reconciliation, peacebuilding, and reconstruction efforts through interventions that promote and restore HLP rights. For instance, IOM will support reconciliation and peacebuilding through HLP trainings, which will help build the capacities of community leaders, religious leaders and government stakeholders on collaboration and dispute resolution mechanisms as a tool for HLP dispute resolution;
• Providing support in strengthening security of tenure by ensuring adequate property mapping is conducted to help address HLP issues, compliance with due diligence procedures in identifying landlords and tenants, and documentation of tenancy arrangements for beneficiaries of the cash-for-rent and shelter rehabilitation programmes. With the support of LGA administration and traditional leaders, IOM will monitor and address HLP issues to ensure that terms and conditions of the agreement are duly understood, signed, and complied with by all parties involved. In the areas of return, IOM will continue to support property registration and restoration of lost title documents by working with the LGA administration and traditional council, this will promote security of tenure and assist effective resolution of disputes, especially in the situation of multiple ownership claims;
• Working with LGAs, national and state emergency management agencies (NEMA/SEMA) and the CCCM/shelter & NFI sector in ensuring that due diligence on land tenure is carried out and that disputes are referred to and addressed by legitimate parties;
• Ensuring that proper site assessments and planning are undertaken in conjunction with negotiating access to land with the support of NEMA/SEMA sector partners and LGAs.

IOM's WASH initiatives in transitional and post-crisis situations will include:

• Providing sustainable access to water and sanitation services through the support to improved water and sanitation infrastructures, management mechanisms, and governance systems that enable beneficiary communities to respond to their needs and endure future shocks in affected communities, public facilities (for instance schools, health facilities, and so on) and/or transitional areas. The provision of improved water and sanitation infrastructure and services, coupled with behavioural change seeking hygiene promotion, preserves public health, thereby positively impacting  long-term health outcomes;
• Identifying and implementing community-based WASH solutions;
• Strengthening local governance of WASH services through capacity building of national/local authorities and stakeholders.

IOM's WASH initiatives are designed to build community capacity as NE Nigeria is cholera-prone with high risk of annual flooding. Activities will include:

• Establishing, training, and equipping WASH committees to comply with daily operation and maintenance of WASH facilities in their respective communities, and promoting their usage;
• Providing safe and equitable access to water for affected populations through construction of new water supply systems, including boreholes, operation and, maintenance, rehabilitation, and upgrading of existing water systems;
• Providing sustained environmental sanitation services such as solid and liquid waste management;
• Prepositioning and distributing WASH NFIs, including hygiene, cholera, COVID-19, and menstrual hygiene management complemented by cash modalities where feasible, and fit-for-purpose information, education and communication (IEC) materials on the correct use of items. The aim of cash assistance is to ease access to the WASH NFIs in the local market by targeted populations.

IOM's initiatives designed to strengthen systems for mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) will include:

• Providing capacity building to the Ministry of Health and MHPSS partners by ensuring information-sharing, adherence to relevant standards and guidelines (such as the IASC Guidelines on MHPSS in Emergency Settings), and the efficient use of resources among partners;
• Enhancing the collaboration built with the Neuropsychiatric Hospital in Borno and the State Specialist Hospital in Adamawa for the provision of specialized services. When referring to and cooperating with psychiatric institutions, IOM will make sure that the human rights of clients are respected, and international standards are met (for example no chaining of patients, and no use of electroconvulsive therapy);
• Rolling out the training curriculum developed with the University of Maiduguri on psychosocial counselling and small-scale conflict resolution to localize the MHPSS response, educate experts locally and therefore ensure sustainability;
• Operationalizing the existing strategic framework and its implementation approaches in the provision of MHPSS in the North East by directly engaging and including the government and other local institutions as part of psychosocial mobile teams;
• Strengthening engagement with government institutions in the BAY states to include the Federal Neuro-Psychiatric Hospital (FNPH), the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, State Hospital in Yola, and MHPSS partners towards ensuring the provision of specialized mental health services through regular supervision and monitoring platforms, inclusive of regular case consultation sessions, individual and peer-to-peer supervision;
• Strengthening partnerships with the Ministry of Health and other relevant ministries to facilitate an inclusion and/or enactment of legislations that recognize and protect the comprehensive needs and rights of persons with mental health conditions across the BAY states;
• Strengthening the capacity of frontline social workers, including staff of government agencies such as the Ministry of Women Affairs and Social Development, Ministry of Reconstruction, Rehabilitation and Resettlement (MRRR), Adamawa State Emergency Management Agency (ADSEMA), Ministry of Health, law enforcement (Nigerian Police Force, Nigerian Civil Defence Corps, and the National Agency for the Prohibition of Trafficking in Persons (NAPTIP)) to enhance their responses to GBV, trafficking in persons (TiP) and psychosocial needs of the affected population in IDP sites and host communities;
• Strengthening the prevention and risk mitigation model based on knowledge management through a dynamic information tracking system based on continuous assessment findings.

IOM's initiatives at points of entry (POEs) will include:

• Strengthening the preparedness of prioritized POEs including land borders in collaboration with WHO and the Federal Ministry of Health;
• Supporting with the provision of health screenings, including temperature checks and questionnaires;
• Sensitizing travelers through risk communication on epidemic-prone diseases;
• Enhancing the capacity of officials at entry points to prevent, detect, report, and manage the transmission of infectious diseases at and across borders;
• WASH services at POEs for infection prevention and control through provision of water supply for cleaning and disinfection, and hand washing, as well as provision of items such as hand hygiene facilities, chlorine, and soap.

Displacement Tracking Matrix activities will focus on the North East, North West and North Central regions of Nigeria. IOM will continue conduct mobility tracking assessments to gather and analyze data to disseminate critical multi-layered information on the mobility, vulnerabilities, and needs of displaced and mobile populations to continue enable decision makers and responders to provide these populations with better context specific assistance. Activities carried out will include emergency tracking, mobility tracking, biometric registration, rolling out the stability index, point of entry and rapid assessment. In particular, IOM's displacement tracking initiatives will include:

• Conduct mobility tracking activities in the North East, North West and North Central zones affected by conflict, floods and community clashes to provide humanitarian, development, and peacebuilding actors with up-to-date information on displacement numbers, trends locations and profiles, shelter and accommodation types, as well as data on access to basic services, multi-sectoral gaps and needs of displaced population;
• Conduct emergency tracking using the emergency tracking tool (ETT) targeting all new displacement following high impact events, such as large-scale sudden on-set intercommunal violence, military offensives, declaration of state of emergencies or large-scale conflicts in BAY states. Through the ETT, IOM gathers disaggregated displacement information, on a daily basis, including the number of displaced populations, locations of origin, date of displacement, accessibility and emergency humanitarian needs. In partnership with the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), the ETT additionally collects information on Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC), a form of health screening to identify children at risk of malnutrition amongst newly displaced populations;
• Conduct return assessments to provide a better understanding of characteristics, numbers, conditions and needs of returnees in areas hosting returnee populations which will inform partners and contribute to durable solutions activities;
• Implement area of return (AoR) assessment surveys to support dignified and effective programming and adapted planning, coordination, and targeting of transition and recovery activities in identified returnee areas. The  AoR assessment involves going to locations to which IDPs have returned and carrying out physical verification of available facilities, taking pictures and the status of the same on behalf of partners who don’t have capacity to visit these locations;
• Conduct return intention survey (RIS) which is used to enrich and complement other DTM components. Household-level surveys are conducted with IDPs, returnees and host communities to learn more about their future intentions, current needs and the factors necessary for the sustainable reintegration of displaced populations as well as their humanitarian needs;
• Conduct stability index (SI) surveys to identify “pockets of stability” and enable partners to better develop strategies and plan operations in vulnerable areas for recovery interventions. The SI will identify locations in potential return areas that are conducive for durable solutions;
• Deploy biometric registration activities to both IDP and return locations to facilitate livelihood partners’ beneficiary targeting activities, linking emergency response to early recovery, and ensuring continuous support through cash, voucher, and in-kind based interventions in the locations identified as "pockets of stability";
• Deploy the transhumance tracking tool (TTT) along transhumance campaign corridors in the North East to collect data on transhumance movements and routes, and to identify areas where clashes are occurring (to gather information that informs dispute resolution mechanisms, conflict mitigation, mediation and resolution, and strengthening of social cohesion) or may occur between nomadic transhumant herders, and sedentary farmers and herders (to act as an early warning system);
• Conduct COVID-19 situational assessments tracking activities in IDP hosting sites and locations in North East, North West and North Central zones to support a better understanding of the COVID-19 situation amongst IDP communities, its impact on access to livelihoods, services and income generating activities for IDPs, awareness of the COVID-19 pandemic, measures taken to prevent and fight the spread of COVID-19, and gaps and priority needs in terms of infrastructure, equipment, material and interventions in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic;
• Conduct point of entry tracking to monitor traveller flows between States within Nigeria as well as between Nigeria and Cameroon, collect information on COVID-19 awareness and vaccination amongst travellers, measures taken during travels, and conduct health screening of travellers in selected entry points in BAY, as well as map points of entry with mobility restrictions.
• Conduct rapid/flash assessments in Adamawa, Borno and Yobe in order to provide real time and up to date information to partners on new sudden movements and displacements caused by either conflict, clashes or natural disasters to raise the profile of the situation and immediately allow for relief assistance provision;
• Contribute to pursuing a sub-regional strategy of harmonization of its methodologies, calendars, and products across the Lake Chad Basin countries. These activities will support the creation of sub-regional DTM data able to provide better cross-country analysis and information to national and sub-regional authorities.

IOM's initiatives to support and enable the humanitarian community in North East Nigeria to respond to the needs of the crisis-affected population will include:

• Ensuring maintenance and operation of nine humanitarian hubs, located in Maiduguri base camp, Gwoza, Bama, Ngala, Dikwa, Monguno, Banki (2), and Damasak. These hubs provide secure and safe operating environments for partners in Maiduguri and deep field locations across North East Nigeria, including accommodation, office space, meeting/training facilities and connectivity services in collaboration with the Emergency Telecommunication Sector (ETS).