IOM will continue to implement CCCM activities in Yemen that improve the living conditions of displaced families and individuals living in formal and informal sites, collective centres, and spontaneous settlements. Activities will be centred around ensuring site management and coordination support; adequate community mobilization and capacity-building; site care and maintenance; and service monitoring. Protection will be mainstreamed throughout all service design and delivery. IOM’s CCCM field teams will support integrated multisectoral interventions in sites, ensuring that IDPs have access to humanitarian services in line with SPHERE standards. IOM also will provide technical advice and capacity building for authorities acting as camp administration, camp committees, and national NGOs working in site management. In 2023, IOM will continue to:

• Conduct registration of newly displaced persons, regular monitoring of needs, maintain a comprehensive mapping of site-level service gaps, create referral pathways, and establish site-level complaint and feedback mechanisms.
• Conduct regular care and maintenance of site infrastructure with a focus on mitigating the impact of seasonal flooding, reducing the risk of the spread of diseases, increasing site safety and improving service delivery.
• Set up representative community governance structures to promote community participation in sites, including promoting the active involvement of marginalized groups in decision-making processes to ensure a fair, community-centred, and needs-based response. Sub-activities within community participation include the setup and capacity building of representative community groups; awareness campaigns on topics related to service provision, beneficiary rights, PSEA, and site safety; complaints and feedback mechanisms to ensure two-way communication with the IDPs; and on-the-job skill training for IDPs.
• Conduct community mobilization and capacity building, including awareness raising on fire and flood safety risks and COVID-19 preparedness and response, by encouraging community participation and creating opportunities for often excluded groups, such as women, persons with disabilities and youth to take part in camp leadership and other empowerment initiatives.
• Identify and advocate for durable solutions, including advocating against evictions, forced return or relocation, and supporting the community to negotiate for the security of tenure or more sustainable settlement solutions.
• Reduce barriers to education for displaced children and adolescents. IOM’s CCCM teams coordinate a multisectoral response to support displaced children with accessing nearby schools. IOM adopts a community-led approach to address the physical, infrastructural, and economic barriers to education.

Working within UN frameworks and in coordination with the Ministry of Public Health and Population (MoPHP) and the World Health Organization (WHO), IOM will provide lifesaving primary and secondary preventative and curative healthcare services to IDPs, migrants and host communities, while integrating COVID-19 response efforts into its health programme. IOM Yemen will bolster its response capacity, focusing on ensuring that its response in Yemen is needs-based and effective, rights-based, and underpinned by robust assessment and monitoring activities. Direct field presence, regular health needs assessments and community feedback mechanisms throughout the programme will allow IOM to adapt to the evolving contextual needs. Protection will be mainstreamed throughout all service design and delivery. In 2023, IOM will:

• Conduct frontline health activities which are carried out through IOM mobile and static teams across the country where access permits, and include the provision of emergency health services and referrals, including screening and referral for malnutrition; sexual and reproductive health support; procurement of medicines, medical supplies and equipment; support of health-care worker incentives; improvement of the capacity of health workers through relevant trainings; and health assessments for resettlement and repatriation services;
• Provide health promotion and awareness sessions on topics such as the importance of COVID-19 vaccination, personal hygiene practices, infectious disease prevention and breastfeeding, family planning, immunization, antenatal care for pregnant women, and prevention of childhood illnesses. 
• Support disease outbreak preparedness and response (especially for COVID-19 and cholera) through RCCE and community-based surveillance in collaboration with IOM’s Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) programme’s hygiene promotion activities; infection prevention and control, mass and routine vaccinations; and integration with MHPSS into case management programs and establishment of referral pathways.
• Mainstream GBV response in frontline health activities. IOM’s mobile medical teams have protection personnel to handle cases with special needs including girls, pregnant women, and GBV survivors. IOM will also provide psychological first aid (PFA) on site.

IOM will continue to provide safe, dignified, and voluntary humanitarian return assistance for stranded migrants (the majority of whom are Ethiopian) and groups of refugees in Yemen, as well as a range of health and protection support integral to movement assistance – such as but not limited to case management, pre-migration health activities, operational and/or medical escorts during international air travel, provision of information and re-integration assistance upon arrival. In 2023, IOM will:

• Assist migrants with their safe, voluntary and dignified return from Yemen to their countries of origin through IOM’s voluntary humanitarian return (VHR) programme. Priority will be given to the most vulnerable such as unaccompanied and separated children (UASC), women, the elderly, medical cases, and persons who have been subjected to a series of grave human rights violations. All migrants interested in VHR assistance will be individually counselled in Yemen by case managers and provided with the necessary information to make an informed decision free from coercion. IOM conducts screening for people with international protection concerns, in concert with the UN Refugee Agency, and provides specialized referrals of protection and medical cases, including for migrants who require further medical support from secondary and/or tertiary care facilities. IOM medical teams will conduct ‘fitness to travel’ pre-embarkation checks in preparation for participation in VHR programmes.
• Support Somali (and/or other nationality) refugees wishing to return home through established programming in coordination with UNHCR. The movements, initiated by UNHCR, are facilitated by IOM utilizing commercial sea vessels from Aden and Mukalla port in Yemen to Berbera in Somalia. IOM will coordinate its movement assistance response at the regional level to ensure a collaborative and integrative approach to migration response in line with the Regional Migrant Response Plan for the Horn of Africa and Yemen.

As the situation for all populations of concern in Yemen continues to deteriorate, and exposure to protection risks rise within displaced and conflict-affected communities, IOM will aim to enhance the protection environment, build capacity, reduce vulnerability and support responsive mechanisms for those most at risk. In 2023, IOM will:

• Adopt a comprehensive, whole-of-Yemen approach, mainstreaming protection across all multisectoral programming, and train staff, partners and duty bearers on protection standards including safe identification and referrals.
• Continue providing direct assistance through migrant response points (MRPs), community response points, protection desks, and mobile response teams. Across Yemen, IOM provides protection case management, protection monitoring, limited specialised service provision and referrals including for MHPSS, GBV child protection, legal and trafficking cases, as well as for humanitarian basic service provision.
• Improve access to information on civil status documentation and individuals’ rights and entitlements.
• Strengthen community-based protection networks and community protection committees for the sustainable, community-driven identification, response, prevention and referral of protection cases.
• Advocate against the human rights abuses and inhumane treatment of vulnerable migrants in Yemen and continue to support the development of long-term protection-sensitive and rights-based solutions in Yemen.

IOM’s WASH programme in Yemen will prioritize immediate, scalable, and sustainable interventions aimed at reducing morbidity and mortality rates and providing equal and sustained access to safe and appropriate water, sanitation, and hygiene services in displaced, host, and migrant communities. In 2023, IOM will:

• Respond to immediate and urgent needs through the provision of clean water rapid rehabilitation/ establishment of water and sanitation infrastructure, short-term hygiene promotion campaigns, and hygiene kit distributions. As part of its emergency response, IOM will deliver life-saving WASH support in displacement sites and underserved/hard-to-reach areas to address high WASH needs and gaps in services.
• Mainstream the WASH infection prevention, and control activities into existing and planned interventions when required such as malaria, cholera, COVID-19 and other disease outbreaks.
• Conduct sensitization campaigns and ensure that communities have the tools necessary to protect themselves from WASH-related diseases including, but not limited to water-borne diseases such as cholera, vector-borne diseases such as malaria and communicable diseases such as COVID-19. In response to COVID-19, the teams will carry out awareness-raising campaigns and inform the communities about referral pathways for suspected cases.
• Ensure protection and GBV prevention are mainstreamed throughout IOM’s WASH response. IOM will also ensure that the principles of Do No Harm, safety and non-discrimination are adhered to throughout all project activities. Interventions will be designed in consultation with all relevant community groups, including women and girls, to identify the priority services, times, and locations for project activities to ensure safe access to support and assistance for all.

With the overall objective of providing safe, dignified and sustainable living conditions and shelter solutions in displacement settlements, IOM will carry out its first line emergency response activities following the onset of emergencies and in formal/informal settlements where shelter conditions are inadequate. In 2023, IOM will:

• Distribute critical household items, emergency shelter kits (ESKs) and family tents to vulnerable populations affected by conflict or disasters in response to new displacements or shocks, or to cover response gaps in displacement sites, including IDPs, host communities, persons living in sub-standard shelters and inadequate living conditions.
• Where IDPs have been displaced for over six months, IOM will provide shelter items and technical support for transitional shelters or rehabilitate existing shelters in line with full Housing, Land, Property (HLP) Due Diligence.
• Facilitating the provision of coordinated, timely and relevant life-saving humanitarian assistance to the most vulnerable by ensuring the common procurement of WASH items (diesel and hygiene kits), emergency shelter and NFI kits.
• Rehabilitate damaged and/or worn-out emergency shelters. Emergency shelter rehabilitation activities will promote the dignity of vulnerable groups and protect IDPs from harsh weather conditions by installing thermal insulation on walls and roofs as well as ground insulation in shelters.
• Promote awareness of persons reached with assistance through Information, Education and Communication (IEC) materials on the use/scope of the assistance, COVID-19 prevention, PSEA, and fire-safety where applicable/needed in coordination with IOM WASH, CCCM and Health programmes.
• As a part of IOM’s institutional commitment to the Prevention of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (PSEA), all IOM staff working on the project are required to undergo a PSEA training. IOM also ensures that all implementing partners have a PSEA policy and provides training as needed.

IOM’s cash programme supports conflict-affected individuals through rapid cash-based interventions to improve the basic needs of IDPs, migrants and host communities in camps and urban settings. Cash-based interventions are closely integrated into various areas of IOM programming, such as CCCM, S-NFI, WASH, and protection. In 2023, IOM will:

• Distribute one-off and multi-round multi-purpose cash assistance (MPCA) and continue its co-leadership of the rapid response mechanism (RRM) cluster (together with the United Nations Populations Fund) and the Cash Consortium of Yemen (CCY).
• Provide rapid earning opportunities through Cash for Work to unskilled and semi-skilled individuals, with a focus on the inclusion of women on projects designed to improve the living conditions in conflict-affected communities. These mainly include the rehabilitation of water and sanitation systems, irrigation systems, shelter structures, and rehabilitation of basic community infrastructure.
• Improve access to water, hygiene items, shelter, and protection through cash modalities where this is possible, supporting vulnerable communities, for example, with purchase-vouchers to access clean water, hygiene items and cash for sanitation or shelter facility construction in coordination with relevant IOM units.
• Ensure all beneficiaries are provided with IOM hotline numbers for complaints and feedback directly with IOM’s Complaints and Feedback Mechanism team, who then action any complaints with the programme team. In remote areas, IOM staff will also contact random samples of beneficiaries to monitor remote distributions.

In line with the humanitarian-development peace nexus approach, IOM will support communities to recover from a state of crisis and transition towards self-reliance and community-led and owned solutions that meet immediate and long-term development needs. IOM will continue coordinating with different units to rehabilitate key infrastructures and increase access to services in pockets of stability across Yemen. Rehabilitated public infrastructure includes schools in collaboration with the Ministry of Education, technical institutes, irrigation channels and other water and sanitation infrastructure, health facilities, local markets and other communal assets. In 2023, IOM will:

• Empower communities to prevent and resolve conflict, as a driver of crisis and displacement, by identifying its root causes, building local stakeholders’ mediation capacity and facilitating conflict resolution and social cohesion activities. IOM’s planned activities include the implementation of peacebuilding initiatives, conflict resolution committees, establishment/strengthening of women’s committees, water user associations and more.
• Deliver livelihood interventions and improve access to income to reduce affected groups’ reliance on humanitarian aid and enhance their self-sufficiency to transition from emergency to recovery conditions. IOM will provide cash-for-work and multi-purpose cash assistance, business and vocational training and small business start-up kits and grants where feasible. The injection of cash into the local markets as well as the provision of dignified employment opportunities will facilitate the economic restoration of communities impacted by the conflict.
• Restore and preserve basic service delivery by rehabilitating community assets, providing materials and supplies for public service providers, and building the capacity of local stakeholders, including public workers, local officials, civil society and community groups, to sustainably address community needs. IOM will prioritize rehabilitating or expanding educational facilities to increase school children’s enrolment in schools.
• Address widespread gaps in essential services by working with local communities to build disease response capacity and train health workers on risks, prevention measures and awareness raising for COVID-19, cholera and malaria.
• Enhancing cooperation amongst border agencies and between these and relevant non-law enforcement stakeholders. The ultimate objective is to strengthen Humanitarian Border Management frameworks by building the capacity of government authorities on managing borders and migration with a right-based approach and in a manner consistent with international migration laws and best practices, while supporting national and regional security, economic development and the protection of migrants’ rights, to ultimately stabilize the communities impacted by irregular migration.
• IOM mainstreams its protection of highly vulnerable populations in Yemen by having clear pathways to refer sensitive protection cases, enhance accountability to affected populations (AAP) approaches, adhere to SPHERE standards, as well as train staff on PSEA, humanitarian principles and practices to support GBV survivors, children in need, victims of trafficking, persons with disabilities, the elderly and other critical groups.

IOM’s WASH programme in Yemen will prioritize providing durable water solutions to address obstacles hindering access to WASH services and find exit strategies and/or more sustainable solutions for emergency and short-term interventions. IOM will continue carrying out the rehabilitation of dysfunctional drinking water and sanitation infrastructure, enabling rapid and sustainable improvements in the provision of basic services. IOM will also continue to build the capacities of local communities on water management, training and supporting water management committees at the site level. In 2023, IOM will:

• Improve risk knowledge through comprehensive multi-hazard risk assessments, remote sensing and vulnerability mapping, and groundwater assessments.
• Ensure conflict-affected communities have sustained access to water solutions through second-line WASH response. This will include activities that establish, extend or rehabilitate water supply, support local authorities to provide WASH services, provide or rehabilitate nature-based flood mitigation and reuse infrastructure (spate irrigation, diversion weirs), agricultural WASH infrastructure and more.

In line with the Minimum Service Package (MSP) guidelines for Yemen, a component of IOM’s health programme is centred on supporting Yemen’s weakened health system – rehabilitating and supporting operations in health facilities impacted by the conflict. In 2023, IOM will:

• Support the strengthening of health systems to provide maternal, child and new-born care, as well as routine immunization; nutrition support (including for severe acute malnutrition and moderate acute malnutrition); communicable/non-communicable disease prevention and support; emergency health and minor surgery; and disability and rehabilitation support.
• Mainstream COVID-19 relevant activities across the health facilities and support the implementation of mass vaccination campaigns across Yemen
• Train healthcare workers to provide an appropriate GBV survivor response, and on MHPSS as well as safe identification and referrals, in line with IOM's Manual on Community-based MHPSS in Emergencies and Displacement.
• Strengthen disease surveillance systems by sharing information with the health cluster early warning system and local health information management system.
• Expand the prevention, treatment, care and support for HIV, tuberculosis (TB) and malaria response programming across the region. This will build upon gains made in 2022 as IOM was the principal recipient of the Global Fund Middle East Response grant in Yemen.
• Support advocacy for national policies and strategies to recognize and address the health needs and rights of migrants and their communities in line with international, regional and national commitments.

To enhance early warning and early action in Yemen, IOM will strengthen the capacities of civil protection groups and communities across Yemen with assessments, training, and emergency support packages to reduce risk exposure, improve risk knowledge, monitoring and forecasting capabilities, warning communication and dissemination, and response capacity. In 2023, IOM will:

• Establish community-driven early warning systems (EWS) that will be operated and maintained by local community groups.
• Strengthen communities’ risk detection and analysis and hazard forecasting, including observation, measurement, and prediction. Trainings will focus on monitoring and how communities/civil protection groups can continuously detect/identify risks (through meteorological warnings), report on these trends, forecast the impact, (and identify the threshold to issue a warning).
• Enhance dissemination and communication of alerts to communities prior to disasters through early warning systems and public awareness campaigns.
• Improve the response capacity of communities/civil protection groups and distribute in-kind emergency support packages to reduce the impact of disasters.

Through a community-based and needs-based approach, IOM will aim to improve community resilience and adaptation, as well as mitigation and response to disasters through sustainable water infrastructure.

In 2023, IOM will:

• Conduct an in-depth technical remote sensing flood risk and vulnerability mapping of target areas in Yemen in coordination with other humanitarian organizations to avoid overlap.
• Construct and rehabilitate public infrastructure, including rainwater runoff systems, retention walls, spate irrigation, and more to mitigate the impact of climate change including unseasonal rainfall, flooding, and landslides. Special emphasis will be given to the reuse potential of flood water for agricultural purposes at the community level.

In the humanitarian context of Yemen, impartial and high-quality assessments, data collection and analysis are essential to inform the humanitarian and development community’s assistance provision based on identified needs and vulnerabilities. IOM operates the largest displacement tracking and monitoring mechanism in the country which enables a targeted, evidence-based response for not only IOM, but also the entire humanitarian response. IOM Yemen’s Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) provides critical, up-to-date information on movement trends and the needs of migrants and vulnerable and displaced populations. IOM Yemen’s DTM aims to inform the humanitarian community as well as national authorities, with actionable and reliable information on IDPs and returnees including their numbers, locations, cause of displacement and priority needs. In 2023, IOM will:

• Conduct Rapid Displacement Tracking, flash updates and Area Assessments to track IDP and returnee populations throughout Yemen. Information will be collected regularly on areas of displacement and return, origins and reasons for displacement, shelter types, situation overviews and priority needs at target locations.
• Carry out flow monitoring to estimate the population of irregular migrants entering the country and to monitor the arrival of migrants transiting through Yemen, mainly in locations across Yemen’s southern coastal border and at the northern border with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). An additional survey will be implemented on non-Yemeni migrants from the Horn of Africa to Yemen to understand their intentions and their protection and humanitarian needs. 
• Perform intention surveys to provide humanitarian actors with information on potential upcoming population movements to plan and scale up responses. The intention surveys capture IDPs’ initial reasons for displacement and motives for remaining at the location of displacement and identify preconditions for return, explore the relationship and perceptions between IDPs and the host community, and assess the needs of affected populations.
• Implement Multi-Cluster Location Assessments (MCLA): IOM DTM will collaborate with OCHA and other key humanitarian actors to implement the MCLA. The MCLA data is statistically representative, allowing decision-makers and practitioners to draw conclusions about the entire population (93% confidence level). The MCLA will establish the needs in the country and be used as a baseline for all other humanitarian-related programmes across Yemen, and will provide nationwide data and evidence-based findings for the Humanitarian Needs Overview (HNO) to better inform the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) in Yemen.