IOM will continue to implement CCCM activities in Yemen that improve the living conditions of displaced families living in formal and informal sites, collective centres, communal buildings and spontaneous settlements. Activities will be centred around ensuring adequate community mobilization and capacity-building; site care and maintenance; and coordination and service monitoring. The CCCM teams will support integrated multi-sectoral interventions in sites, ensuring that IDPs have access to multisectoral services in line with SPHERE standards. IOM will also provide technical advice and capacity building for authorities acting as camp administration, IDP camp committees, and national non-governmental organizations (NGOs) working in site management. In 2022, IOM will continue to:

• Conduct regular monitoring of needs, maintain comprehensive mapping of site-level service gaps, and establish a site-level complaint and feedback mechanism;
• Conduct regular care and maintenance of site infrastructure with a focus on mitigating the impact of seasonal flooding, reducing the risk of the spread of diseases, increasing site safety and improving service delivery;
• Set up representative community governance structures to promote community participation in sites;
• Conduct community mobilization and capacity building, including awareness raising on COVID-19 preparedness and response, encouraging community participation, and creating opportunities for often excluded groups, such as women, persons with disabilities and youth, to take part in camp leadership and other empowerment initiatives.

Working within United Nations frameworks and in coordination with the Ministry of Public Health and Population (MoPHP) and the World Health Organization (WHO), IOM will provide lifesaving primary and secondary preventative and curative health-care services to IDPs, migrants and host communities, while integrating COVID-19 response efforts into its health programme. IOM Yemen will bolster its response capacity, focusing on ensuring that its response in Yemen is needs-based and effective, rights-based, and underpinned by robust assessment and monitoring activities. Direct field presence, regular health needs assessments and community feedback mechanisms throughout the programme will allow IOM to adapt to the evolving contextual needs. In 2022, IOM will:

• Conduct frontline health activities which are carried out through IOM mobile and static teams across the country where access permits and include the provision of emergency health services and referrals, including screening and referral for malnutrition; health promotion; health assessments for resettlement and repatriation services; and disease outbreak preparedness and response (especially for COVID-19) in collaboration with IOM’s water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) programme’s hygiene promotion activities; mass and routine vaccinations; and integration with mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) into case management programs and establishment of referral pathways;
• Mainstream gender-based violence (GBV) response in frontline health activities. IOM’s mobile medical teams have protection personnel to handle cases with special needs including girls, pregnant women, and GBV survivors. The personnel will be trained on how to handle and refer disclosures of GBV incidents in an ethical and safe way to avoid further harm if and when survivors come forward. These personnel will also provide psychosocial first aid on site and refer cases through the referral pathways, which were established by the protection cluster in Yemen.
• Strengthen its response capacity, focusing on ensuring that its response in Yemen is needs-based and effective, person-centred in the case of health, and underpinned by robust assessment and monitoring activities. Direct field presence and regular health needs assessments throughout the programme will allow IOM to adapt to the evolving contextual needs, as well as strengthen existing health system capacities;
• Prevent, treat, care and support human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), tuberculosis (TB) and malaria response across the region, building upon gains made in 2021 as the principal recipient of the Global Fund Middle East Response grant in Yemen. IOM aims to increase the coverage of TB preventive and therapeutic services among key affected populations (including multidrug resistance (MDR)-TB care), ensure access to long-lasting insecticidal nets, malaria diagnosis and treatment through organized activities around vector control and case managements, and provide continuity and increase the coverage of treatment and essential services for people affected by HIV.

IOM will continue to provide safe, dignified and voluntary return assistance for stranded migrants (the majority of whom are Ethiopian) and Somali refugees in Yemen through a range of health and protection support – such as but not limited to case management, pre-migration health activities and medical escorts during air travel, provision of information and re-integration assistance upon arrival. In 2022, IOM will:

• Assist migrants with their safe, voluntary and dignified return from Yemen to their countries of origin through IOM’s voluntary humanitarian return (VHR) programme. Priority will be given to the most vulnerable such as unaccompanied and separated children (UASC), women, the elderly, medical cases, and persons who have been subjected to a series of grave human rights violations. All migrants interested in VHR assistance will be individually counselled in Yemen by case managers and provided with the necessary information to make an informed decision in line with their needs. IOM provides screenings for protection issues – especially for persons vulnerable to trafficking – and provides specialized referrals of protection and medical cases, including for migrants who require further medical support from secondary and/or tertiary care facilities. IOM medical teams will conduct  ‘fitness to travel’ pre-embarkation checks in preparation for participation in VHR and third-country refugee resettlement programmes.
• Support Somali refugees wishing to return home through the assisted spontaneous returns (ASR) programme in coordination with the United High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). The movements, initiated by UNHCR, are facilitated by IOM utilizing commercial sea vessels from Aden port in Yemen to Berbera in Somalia. In coordination with UNHCR, IOM will continue to support Somali refugees wishing to return home including through operational support and pre-departure assistance detailed above. IOM will coordinate its movement assistance response at the regional level to ensure a collaborative and integrative approach to migration response in line with the Migrant Response Plan for the Horn of Africa and Yemen.

As the situation for migrants in Yemen continues to deteriorate, and exposure to protection risks rise within displaced and conflict-affected communities, IOM will aim to enhance the protection environment and referral pathways for the most vulnerable individuals, including those most at risk of harm or have endured harm already, and are excluded from support systems. IOM’s protection activities will focus on improving living conditions for migrants, IDPs and conflict-affected communities, through the delivery of lifesaving aid and protection assistance. In 2022, IOM will:

• Adopt a comprehensive approach, mainstreaming protection across all multisectoral programming, and train staff on safe and ethical referrals of protection cases;
• Continue providing direct assistance through migrant response points (MRPs) and mobile medical response teams. Through MRPs in Aden and Ma'rib, IOM provides protection case management and referrals, health support and referrals including MHPSS services, GBV cases, trafficking cases, and humanitarian (including food, water, NFI) as well as legal assistance;
• Seek to establish MRPs in other locations that host migrant and IDP populations, access permitting. IOM will also continue to provide migrants and IDPs with emergency services through mobile medical teams operating on Yemen’s southern coast;
• Continue to support the development of long-term protection-sensitive and rights-based migration management solutions in Yemen and continue to engage with national and regional counterparts to strengthen migration management in Yemen.

IOM’s WASH programme in Yemen will prioritize immediate, scalable, and sustainable interventions aimed at reducing morbidity and mortality rates and providing equal and sustained access to safe and appropriate water, sanitation, and hygiene services in displaced, host, and migrant communities. In 2022, IOM will:

• Respond to immediate and urgent needs through water trucking, rapid rehabilitation/ establishment of water and sanitation infrastructure, short-term hygiene promotion campaigns, hygiene kit distributions, and activities that rapidly respond to vector-borne diseases such as malaria. As part of its emergency response, IOM will deliver life-saving WASH support in IDP camps and underserved/hard-to-reach areas to address high WASH needs and gaps in services;
• Ensure conflict-affected communities also have sustained access to water solutions through second-line WASH response. This will include activities that establish, extend or rehabilitate water supply, solid waste management, and drainage systems;
• Mainstream the WASH COVID-19 infection prevention, and control activities into existing and planned interventions, coordinating additional activities in line with the WASH and health clusters, WHO, and Yemen’s National COVID-19 Plan. IOM will continue distributing personal protective equipment (PPE) to frontline field staff, provide daily water-trucking from 20-25 litres per person per days (based on the recommendations of the strategic advisory group), and distribute critical WASH items (hygiene kits, disinfection kits, and soap) to vulnerable groups;
• Conduct sensitization campaigns and ensure that communities have the tools necessary to protect themselves from water-borne diseases such as cholera and Acute Watery Diarrhea (AWD). In response to COVID-19, the teams will carry out awareness-raising campaigns and inform the communities about referral pathways for suspected cases;
• Improve access to water through cash modalities where this is possible, supporting vulnerable communities, for example, with purchase-vouchers to access clean water and cash for sanitation or shelter facility construction.

With the overall objective of providing safe, dignified and sustainable living conditions and shelter solutions in IDP settlements, IOM will carry out its first-line emergency response activities following the onset of emergencies and in formal/informal settlements where shelter conditions are inadequate. In 2022, IOM will:

• Distribute critical household items, emergency shelter kits (ESKs) and family tents to vulnerable populations affected by conflict or natural disasters in response to new displacements or disaster shocks, or to cover response gaps in displacement sites, including IDPs, host communities, persons living in sub-standard shelters and inadequate living conditions;
• Where IDPs have been displaced for over six months, provide shelter items and technical support for transitional shelters or rehabilitate existing shelters. IOM will conduct housing, land, and property (HLP) due diligence prior to the rehabilitation of shelters;
• Facilitate the provision of coordinated, timely and relevant life-saving humanitarian assistance to the most vulnerable by ensuring the common procurement, warehousing and transportation of WASH services (diesel and hygiene kits), emergency shelter and NFI kits as part of the multisectoral contingency stock pipeline;
• Rehabilitate damaged and/or worn-out emergency shelters. Emergency shelter rehabilitation activities will promote the dignity of vulnerable groups and protect IDPs from harsh weather conditions by installing thermal insulation on walls and roofs as well as ground insulation in shelters;
• Promote awareness of persons reached with assistance through information, education and communication (IEC) materials on the use/scope of the assistance, COVID-19 prevention, prevention of sexual exploitation and abuse (PSEA), and fire safety where applicable/needed.

IOM’s cash programme supports conflict-affected individuals through rapid cash-based interventions to improve the basic needs of IDPs, migrants and host communities in camps and urban settings. Cash-based interventions are closely integrated into various areas of IOM programming, such as CCCM, S-NFI, WASH, and protection. In 2022, IOM will:

• Distribute multi-purpose cash assistance (MPCA) and continue its co-leadership of the rapid response mechanism cluster (together with the United Nations Populations Fund) and the Cash Consortium of Yemen (CCY);
• Provide rapid earning opportunities through cash for work to unskilled and semi-skilled individuals, with a focus on the inclusion of women, on projects designed to improve the living conditions in conflict-affected communities. These mainly include the rehabilitation of water and sanitation systems, irrigation systems, shelter structures, and rehabilitation of basic community infrastructure.

In line with the humanitarian-development peace nexus approach, IOM will support communities to recover from a state of crisis and transition towards self-reliance and community-led and owned solutions that meet immediate and long-term development needs. IOM will continue coordinating with different units, including WASH, migration health, and migrant protection assistance to rehabilitate key infrastructure and increase access to services in pockets of stability Ma’rib, Hadramawt, Lahj and Aden Governorates. Rehabilitated public infrastructure includes schools in collaboration with the Ministry of Education, technical institutes, irrigation channels and other water and sanitation infrastructure, health facilities, local markets and other communal assets. In 2022, IOM will:

• Empower communities to prevent and resolve conflict, as a driver of crisis and displacement, by identifying its root causes, building local stakeholders’ mediation capacity and facilitating conflict resolution and social cohesion activities. IOM’s planned activities could include, but is not limited to, the implementation of peacebuilding initiatives, establishment/strengthening of women’s committees, water user associations and more.
• Deliver livelihood interventions and improve access to income to reduce affected groups’ reliance on humanitarian aid and enhance their self-sufficiency to transition from emergency to recovery conditions. IOM will provide cash-for-work and multi-purpose cash assistance, business and vocational training and small business start-up kits, as well as enhancing community livelihood assets such as local markets and agricultural infrastructure. The injection of cash into the local markets as well as the provision of dignified employment opportunities will facilitate the economic restoration of communities impacted by the conflict.
• Restore and preserve basic service delivery by rehabilitating community assets, providing materials and supplies for public service providers, and building the capacity of local stakeholders, including public workers, local officials, civil society and community groups, to sustainably address community needs. IOM will prioritize rehabilitating or expanding educational facilities to increase school children’s enrolment in schools.
• Address widespread gaps in essential services by working with local communities to build COVID-19 response capacity and train health workers on COVID-19 case management, community leaders, youth volunteers, local authorities and public service providers on COVID-19 risks and prevention measures. In response to limited awareness of COVID-19, the trainings will enable community actors to conduct awareness-raising activities in their communities and limit the spread of COVID-19.
• Strengthen the operational capability of border management systems and enhance concerted border management cooperation between various stakeholders. IOM aims to design and implement strategies and protection-focused actions aimed at building the capacity of government authorities on managing immigration systems and borders in a manner consistent with international standards and human rights, while supporting national and regional security, economic development and the protection of migrants’ rights to stabilize the communities impacted by irregular migration and improve Yemeni institutions in their provision of basic services.

In line with the Minimum Service Package (MSP) guidelines for Yemen, a component of IOM’s health programme is centred on supporting Yemen’s weakened health system – rehabilitating and supporting operations in health facilities impacted by the conflict by providing medicine, medical equipment and human resources (incentive payments for medical staff). In 2022, IOM will:

• Provide maternal, child and newborn care, as well as routine immunization; nutrition support (including for severe acute malnutrition and moderate acute malnutrition); communicable/non-communicable disease prevention and support; emergency health and minor surgery; mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS), including psychosocial support and individual counselling; and disability and rehabilitation support;
• Mainstream COVID-19 relevant activities across the health facilities it supports as well as supporting COVID-19 specific facilities. IOM also has the capacity to support the implementation of mass vaccination campaigns in Ma’rib, Aden, and the west coast;
• Train health care workers to provide an appropriate GBV survivor response, and on MHPSS as well as safe identification and referral, in line with IOM's Manual on Community-based MHPSS in Emergencies and Displacement;
• Strengthen disease surveillance systems by sharing information with the health cluster early warning system and local health system databases;
• Work closely with partners and stakeholders to prevent HIV, TB, and malaria across the country, as the principal receipt of the Global Fund grant.

In the humanitarian context of Yemen, impartial and high-quality assessments, data collection and analysis are essential to inform the humanitarian community’s assistance provision based on identified needs and vulnerabilities. IOM operates the largest displacement tracking and monitoring mechanism in the country which enables a targeted, evidence-based response for not only IOM but also the entire humanitarian response. IOM Yemen’s displacement tracking matrix (DTM) provides critical, up-to-date information on movement trends and the needs of migrants and vulnerable and displaced populations. IOM Yemen’s DTM aims to inform the humanitarian community as well as national authorities, with actionable and reliable information on IDPs and returnees including their numbers, locations, cause of displacement and priority needs. In 2022, IOM will:

• Conduct rapid displacement tracking and area assessments: This tool will track IDP and returnee populations throughout Yemen. Information will be collected regularly on areas of displacement and return, origins and reasons for displacement, shelter types, situation overviews and priority needs at target locations. The rapid displacement tracking (RDT) tool will track trends on a daily basis while area assessments, under the umbrella of mobility tracking, are carried out quarterly.  
• Carry out flow monitoring: DTM’s flow monitoring registry (FMR) will monitor the arrival of migrants transiting through Yemen, mainly in locations across Yemen’s southern coastal border and at the northern border with the KSA. The FMR will estimate the population of irregular migrants entering the country.
• Implement multi-cluster location assessments (MCLA): IOM DTM will collaborate with OCHA and other key humanitarian actors to implement the MCLA, which acts as a tool for the humanitarian community to address information gaps and improve evidence-based humanitarian resource allocation across geographical areas, sectors, and population groups. The MCLA will provide nationwide data and evidence-based findings for the Humanitarian Needs Overview (HNO) to better inform the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) in Yemen. The MCLA data is more accurate and precise given the larger numbers of those interviewed, and is statistically representative, allowing decision-makers and practitioners to draw conclusions about the entire population (93% confidence level). The MCLA will establish the needs in the country and be used as a baseline for all other humanitarian related programmes across Yemen.
• Conduct thematic household surveys: DTM will conduct thematic household surveys to support other clusters/units to understand needs, gaps in services and priority needs of beneficiaries under study.
• Perform village assessment surveys (VAS): Detailed information on gaps in available service ranging from sub-district to facility-level analysis in locations of high or potential high return will allow partners and national authorities to plan for transition and recovery programmes.